Funda ezi zijikelezo zimbini, uyilo lwePCB alunzima!

Kutheni ufunda uyilo lwesekethe yamandla

Isiphaluka sonikezelo lwamandla siyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemveliso ye-elektroniki, ukuyila kombane wombane kuhambelana ngqo nokusebenza kwemveliso.

Ukuhlelwa kweesekethe zokubonelela ngombane

Iisekethe zamandla kwiimveliso zethu zombane ikakhulu zibandakanya unikezelo lwamandla emgceni kunye nokuhanjiswa kombane okuhamba rhoqo.Kwithiyori, unikezelo lwamandla ombane lungakanani ngoku lufunwa ngumsebenzisi, igalelo liza kubonelela ngoku;Ukutshintsha unikezelo lwamandla kukuba angakanani amandla afunwa ngumsebenzisi, kwaye angakanani amandla anikezelweyo ekupheleni kwegalelo.

Umzobo weSchematic of linear power supply circuit

Izixhobo zombane ezisebenza ngomgca zisebenza kwimeko ehambelanayo, njengee-voltage zethu ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo iitshiphusi zokulawula i-voltage LM7805, LM317, SPX1117 njalo njalo.Umzobo 1 ongezantsi ngumzobo weskim sesekethe yobonelelo lwamandla elawulwa yi-LM7805.

Umzobo 1 Umzobo weSchematic wonikezelo lwamandla ombane

Inokubonwa kumzobo wokuba unikezelo lwamandla ombane luqulunqwe ngamacandelo asebenzayo afana nokulungiswa, ukuhluzwa, ukulawulwa kombane kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla.Kwangaxeshanye, unikezelo lwamandla ombane ngokubanzi luluhlu lwamandla olawulo lwamandla, imveliso yangoku ilingana negalelo langoku, I1=I2+I3, i-I3 sisiphelo sesalathiso, okwangoku incinci kakhulu, ngoko ke I1≈I3 .Kutheni sifuna ukuthetha ngoku, ngenxa yokuba uyilo lwePCB, ububanzi bomgca ngamnye abubekwanga ngokungacwangciswanga, kufuneka kumiselwe ngokobungakanani bangoku phakathi kweenodi kwi-schematic.Ubungakanani bangoku kunye nokuhamba kwangoku kufuneka kucace ukwenza ibhodi ilungile. 

Umzobo wonikezelo lwamandla omgca wePCB

Xa uyila i-PCB, i-layout of the components kufuneka ibe yi-compact, zonke i-connections kufuneka zibe zifutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye amacandelo kunye nemigca kufuneka ibekwe ngokuhambelana nokusebenza kwamacandelo eskimu.Lo mzobo wonikezelo lwamandla lulungiso lokuqala, kwaye emva koko ukuhluza, ukuhluza ngummiselo wombane, ukulawulwa kwamandla ombane yi-capacitor yokugcina amandla, emva kokuhamba nge-capacitor ukuya kumbane wesekethe elandelayo.

Umzobo 2 ngumzobo wePCB walo mzobo ungentla, kwaye imizobo emibini iyafana.Umfanekiso wasekhohlo kunye nomfanekiso okunene wahluke kancinane, umbane kumfanekiso osekhohlo uqonde ngqo kunyawo lwegalelo le-chip ye-voltage regulator chip emva kokulungiswa, emva koko i-voltage regulator capacitor, apho umphumo wokucoca we-capacitor ubi kakhulu. , kwaye imveliso nayo iyingxaki.Umfanekiso osekunene ulungile.Akufunekanga sicinge kuphela ukuhamba kwengxaki yokubonelela ngombane, kodwa kwakhona kufuneka siqwalasele ingxaki yokubuyela umva, ngokubanzi, umgca wamandla ofanelekileyo kunye nomgca wokubuyela emva komhlaba kufuneka usondelene ngokusemandleni.

Umzobo we-2 PCB umzobo wonikezelo lwamandla ombane

Xa uyila i-PCB yonikezelo lwamandla ombane, kufuneka kwakhona sinikele ingqalelo kwingxaki yokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu ye-chip yokulawula amandla ombane wombane, ubushushu bufika njani, ukuba i-chip ye-voltage regulator chip front end yi-10V, isiphelo semveliso yi-5V, kwaye imveliso yangoku yi-500mA, ngoko kukho ukuhla kwe-voltage ye-5V kwi-chip ye-regulator, kunye nokushisa okwenziwa yi-2.5W;Ukuba igalelo lombane li-15V, i-voltage drop yi-10V, kwaye ubushushu obuveliswa yi-5W, ngoko ke, kufuneka sibeke ecaleni indawo eyaneleyo yokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu okanye i-heat sink efanelekileyo ngokuhambelana namandla okutshatyalaliswa kobushushu.Unikezelo lwamandla ombane lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimeko apho umahluko woxinzelelo uncinci kwaye ikhoyo ngoku incinci ngokwentelekiso, kungenjalo, nceda usebenzise isekethe yonikezelo lwamandla okutshintshayo.

Umzekelo weskimu sonikezelo lwamandla ombane aphezulu

Ukutshintsha ukunikezelwa kwamandla kukusebenzisa isiphaluka ukulawula ityhubhu yokutshintsha i-high-speed on-off and cut-off, ukuvelisa i-waveform ye-PWM, ngokusebenzisa i-inductor kunye ne-diode eqhubekayo yangoku, ukusetyenziswa kokuguqulwa kwe-electromagnetic yendlela yokulawula i-voltage.Ukutshintsha ukunikezelwa kwamandla, ukusebenza okuphezulu, ukushisa okuphantsi, sisebenzisa ngokubanzi isiphaluka: LM2575, MC34063, SP6659 njalo njalo.Kwithiyori, ukunikezelwa kwamandla okutshintsha kuyalingana kuzo zombini iziphelo zesekethe, i-voltage ihambelana ngokungafaniyo, kwaye yangoku ihambelana ngokungafaniyo.

Umzobo 3 I-Schematic diagram ye-LM2575 switching power supply circuit

Umzobo wePCB wokutshintsha unikezelo lwamandla

Xa uyila i-PCB yokunikezelwa kwamandla okutshintsha, kuyimfuneko ukuthobela ingqalelo: indawo yokufaka igalelo lomgca wempendulo kunye ne-diode eqhubekayo yangoku inikezelwa ngokuqhubekayo ngoku.Njengoko kunokubonwa kwi-Figure 3, xa i-U1 ivuliwe, i-I2 yangoku ingena kwi-inductor L1.Uphawu lwe-inductor kukuba xa umbane uhamba nge-inductor, awukwazi ukuveliswa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye awukwazi ukunyamalala ngokukhawuleza.Utshintsho lwangoku kwi-inductor lunenkqubo yexesha.Ngaphantsi kwesenzo se-pulsed yangoku i-I2 ehamba nge-inductance, amanye amandla ombane aguqulwa abe ngamandla amagnetic, kwaye ngoku ngokuthe ngcembe ayanda, ngexesha elithile, isiphaluka sokulawula i-U1 icima i-I2, ngenxa yeempawu ze-inductance, okwangoku ayikwazi ukunyamalala ngokukhawuleza, ngeli xesha i-diode isebenza, ithatha i-I2 yangoku, ngoko ibizwa ngokuba yi-diode yangoku eqhubekayo, kunokubonwa ukuba i-diode yangoku eqhubekayo isetyenziselwa i-inductance.I-I3 eqhubekayo yangoku iqala ukusuka kwisiphelo esibi seC3 kwaye igeleza kwisiphelo esihle se-C3 nge-D1 kunye ne-L1, elingana nempompo, isebenzisa amandla e-inductor ukwandisa i-voltage ye-capacitor C3.Kukwakho nengxaki yenqaku legalelo lomgca wengxelo yokuchongwa kombane, ekufuneka ibuyiselwe kwindawo emva kokucoca, kungenjalo i-ripple ye-voltage ephumayo iya kuba nkulu.Ezi ngongoma zimbini zihlala zingahoywa ngabayili bethu abaninzi bePCB, becinga ukuba uthungelwano olufanayo alufani apho, enyanisweni, indawo ayifani, kwaye impembelelo yokusebenza inkulu.Umzobo we-4 ngumzobo we-PCB we-LM2575 wokutshintsha unikezelo lwamandla.Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni engalunganga ngomzobo ongalunganga.

Umzobo we-4 PCB umzobo we-LM2575 utshintshe unikezelo lwamandla

Kutheni sifuna ukuthetha malunga nomgaqo weskim ngokweenkcukacha, kuba iskimu siqulethe ulwazi oluninzi lwe-PCB, njengendawo yokufikelela kwi-pin yecandelo, ubungakanani bangoku bothungelwano lwe-node, njl. njl., bona iskimu, uyilo lwePCB ayongxaki.Iisekethe ze-LM7805 kunye ne-LM2575 zimele isekethe yoyilo oluqhelekileyo lonikezelo lwamandla ombane kunye nokutshintsha umbane, ngokulandelanayo.Xa usenza i-PCBS, i-layout kunye ne-wiring yale mizobo emibini ye-PCB ngokuthe ngqo kumgca, kodwa iimveliso zahlukile kwaye ibhodi yesekethe yahlukile, ehlengahlengiswayo ngokwemeko yokwenyani.

Zonke iinguqu azinakwahlulwa, ngoko umgaqo wesekethe yamandla kunye nendlela ibhodi injalo, kwaye yonke imveliso ye-elektroniki ayinakwahlulwa kumbane kunye nesekethe yayo, ngoko ke, funda iisekethe ezimbini, enye nayo iqondwa.