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Raspberry Pi umthengisi | Imveliso yeRaspberry Pi

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IRaspberry Pi yikhompyutha encinci elingana nekhadi letyala, eyilwe yaze yaphuhliswa yiRaspberry Pi Foundation yaseUnited Kingdom ukukhuthaza imfundo yekhompyutha, ngakumbi ezikolweni, ukuze abafundi bafunde inkqubo kunye nolwazi lwekhompyutha ngokuziqhelanisa ngezandla. Ngaphandle kokuba ibekwe ekuqaleni njengesixhobo semfundo, iRaspberry PI yakhawuleza yaphumelela abantu abathanda ikhompyuter, abaphuhlisi, abathanda ukwenza ngokwakho kunye nabaqambi behlabathi jikelele ngenxa yenqanaba layo eliphezulu lokuguquguquka, ixabiso eliphantsi kunye neseti yeempawu ezinamandla.

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Yintoni iRaspberry PI?

I-Raspberry PI inikwe amandla yi-Linux-based operating system, kodwa inamandla okuqhuba Windows 10 IoT Core, inguqulelo yeWindows yezixhobo ezifakwe ngaphakathi. Ine-CPU, i-GPU, i-RAM, i-interface ye-USB, i-interface yenethiwekhi, imveliso ye-HDMI, njl., inokusingatha ividiyo, i-audio kunye neminye imisebenzi yemidiya, kodwa inokudibanisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-sensor kunye ne-actuators, iiprojekthi ze-Intanethi yezinto, ukuveliswa kweerobhothi, ukwakhiwa kweziko leendaba, ukwakhiwa kweseva kunye nezinye izicelo.
Ngokuphindaphindwa kweenguqulelo ezahlukeneyo (umz. I-Raspberry PI 1, 2, 3, 4, njl.), ukusebenza kwe-Raspberry PI kuye kwaqhubeka nokuphucula ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zayo yonke into ukusuka ekufundeni okusisiseko ukuya kuphuhliso lweprojekthi enzima. Inkxaso yayo yoluntu nayo iyasebenza kakhulu, ibonelela ngobutyebi bezifundo, iimeko zeprojekthi, kunye nezixhobo zesoftware ezenza kube lula kubasebenzisi ukuba baqalise kwaye bayile.

Yintoni engasenzela yona iRaspberry PI?

IRaspberry Pi yikhompyutha encinci elingana nekhadi letyala, eyilwe yaze yaphuhliswa yiRaspberry Pi Foundation yaseUnited Kingdom ukukhuthaza imfundo yekhompyutha, ngakumbi ezikolweni, ukuze abafundi bafunde inkqubo kunye nolwazi lwekhompyutha ngokuziqhelanisa ngezandla. Ngaphandle kokuba ibekwe ekuqaleni njengesixhobo semfundo, iRaspberry PI yakhawuleza yaphumelela abantu abathanda ikhompyuter, abaphuhlisi, abathanda ukwenza ngokwakho kunye nabaqambi behlabathi jikelele ngenxa yenqanaba layo eliphezulu lokuguquguquka, ixabiso eliphantsi kunye neseti yeempawu ezinamandla.
I-Raspberry PI inikwe amandla yi-Linux-based operating system, kodwa inamandla okuqhuba Windows 10 IoT Core, inguqulelo yeWindows yezixhobo ezifakwe ngaphakathi. Ine-CPU, i-GPU, i-RAM, i-interface ye-USB, i-interface yenethiwekhi, imveliso ye-HDMI, njl., inokusingatha ividiyo, i-audio kunye neminye imisebenzi yemidiya, kodwa inokudibanisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-sensor kunye ne-actuators, iiprojekthi ze-Intanethi yezinto, ukuveliswa kweerobhothi, ukwakhiwa kweziko leendaba, ukwakhiwa kweseva kunye nezinye izicelo.
Ngokuphindaphindwa kweenguqulelo ezahlukeneyo (umz. I-Raspberry PI 1, 2, 3, 4, njl.), ukusebenza kwe-Raspberry PI kuye kwaqhubeka nokuphucula ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zayo yonke into ukusuka ekufundeni okusisiseko ukuya kuphuhliso lweprojekthi enzima. Inkxaso yayo yoluntu nayo iyasebenza kakhulu, ibonelela ngobutyebi bezifundo, iimeko zeprojekthi, kunye nezixhobo zesoftware ezenza kube lula kubasebenzisi ukuba baqalise kwaye bayile.

Ungayithenga phi iRaspberry PI?

Sisebenza kunye neearhente ezigunyazisiweyo zeRaspberry PI ukunika uluhlu olupheleleyo lweemveliso zeRaspberry PI.

Raspberry Pi 4B

I-Raspberry Pi 4 Model B (i-Raspberry Pi 4 i-Model B) isizukulwana sesine se-Raspberry PI yentsapho, i-microcomputer esebenza kakuhle, enexabiso eliphantsi. Iza ne-1.5GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A72 CPU (i-Broadcom BCM2711 chip) eyongeza kakhulu amandla okusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwemisebenzi emininzi. I-Raspberry PI 4B ixhasa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-8GB ye-LPDDR4 RAM, inechweba le-USB 3.0 lokudluliselwa kwedatha ngokukhawuleza kwaye, ngokokuqala ngqa, yazisa i-USB Type-C interface yamandla yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye namandla.
Imodeli ikwabonisa i-Micro HDMI interfaces ezimbini ezinokuthi ngaxeshanye zikhuphe ividiyo ye-4K yesisombululo kwiimonitha ezimbini, iyenze ilungele indawo yokusebenza esebenzayo okanye amaziko emultimedia. Uqhagamshelo oludityanisiweyo olungenazingcingo lubandakanya i-2.4/5GHz dual-band Wi-Fi kunye neBluetooth 5.0/BLE, iqinisekisa uthungelwano oluguquguqukayo kunye noqhagamshelwano lwesixhobo. Ukongeza, i-Raspberry PI 4B igcina i-GPIO pin, ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba badibanise iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-sensor kunye ne-actuators zophuhliso olwandisiweyo, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo yokufunda inkqubo, iiprojekthi ze-iot, iirobhothi kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokudala izicelo ze-DIY.

I-Raspberry Pi 5 yeyona nto iphambili kusapho lweRaspberry PI kwaye imele omnye umtsi omkhulu oya phambili kwitekhnoloji yekhompyuter yebhodi enye. I-Raspberry PI 5 ixhotyiswe nge-64-bit quad-core Arm Cortex-A76 iprosesa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2.4GHz, ephucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo ngamaxesha angama-2-3 xa kuthelekiswa neRaspberry PI 4 ukuhlangabezana namanqanaba aphezulu eemfuno zekhompyutha.
Ngokumalunga nokusetyenzwa kwemizobo, ine-chip ye-800MHz VideoCore VII eyakhelweyo, ephucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwemizobo kwaye ixhasa usetyenziso oluntsonkothileyo olubonakalayo kunye nemidlalo. I-chip ye-South-bridge esanda kufakwa i-self-developed self-developed ikhulisa unxibelelwano lwe-I / O kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo. I-Raspberry PI 5 nayo iza kunye ne-1.5Gbps ye-MIPI ye-channel ezine ezine-ports zeekhamera ezimbini okanye iziboniso, kunye ne-channel eyodwa ye-PCIe 2.0 port ukufikelela lula kwi-peripherals ye-bandwidth ephezulu.
Ukuze kuququzelelwe abasebenzisi, i-Raspberry PI 5 iphawula ngokuthe ngqo umthamo wememori kwi-motherboard, kwaye yongeza iqhosha lamandla omzimba ukuxhasa ukucofa okukodwa kunye nemisebenzi yokulinda. Iya kufumaneka kwiinguqulelo ze-4GB kunye ne-8GB ye-$ 60 kunye ne-$ 80, ngokulandelanayo, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ihambe ngokuthengiswa ekupheleni kuka-Oktobha 2023. Ngokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu, isethi yeempawu eziphuculweyo, kunye nexabiso elifikelelekayo, le mveliso inika iqonga elinamandla ngakumbi kwimfundo, abantu abanomdla wokuzilibazisa, abaphuhlisi, kunye nezicelo zoshishino.

I-Raspberry PI 5

Raspberry PI CM3

I-Raspberry PI Compute Module 3 (CM3) yinguqulelo ye-Raspberry PI eyenzelwe izicelo zoshishino kunye neenkqubo ezifakwe ngaphakathi. Kukuphucula kwi-CM1 kwaye isebenzisa iprosesa efanayo ne-Raspberry PI 3, i-Broadcom BCM2837, kwi-1.2GHz, ephucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-CPU kwaye malunga namaxesha angama-10 e-CM1 yasekuqaleni. I-CM3 iza ne-1GB ye-RAM kwaye inikezela ngeendlela zokugcina eziguquguqukayo kwiinguqulelo ezimbini: inguqu eqhelekileyo iza ne-4GB ye-eMMC flash, ngelixa i-Lite version isusa i-eMMC flash kwaye inikezela nge-SD card interface yokwandisa endaweni yoko, ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba benze ngokwezifiso izisombululo zokugcina njengoko kufuneka.
Imodyuli engundoqo ye-CM3 incinci ngokwaneleyo ukuba ifakwe ngokuthe ngqo kwibhodi yesekethe yesiko, iyenze ibe yinto efanelekileyo kwiiprojekthi ezinobunzima bendawo okanye zifuna ulungelelwaniso oluthile lwe-I / O. Ikwaxhasa kwakhona iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-interfaces ezikhawulezayo, ezibandakanya i-GPIO, i-USB, i-MicroUSB, i-CSI, i-DSI, i-HDMI kunye ne-Micro-SD, ngokulayisha abathwali abahlukeneyo, inokwandisa ngokulula ukusebenza kwayo kwaye ivumelane neemeko ezahlukeneyo zesicelo, ezifana nokulawulwa kwezoshishino, iimpawu zedijithali, iiprojekthi ze-iot kunye nokunye. I-CM3 igcina iimpawu zokusebenza kweendleko ze-Raspberry PI series ngelixa iphucula ukuzinza nokuthembeka kwiindawo zoshishino.

I-Raspberry PI Compute Module 4 (CM4) sisizukulwana sesine se-Raspberry PI yentsapho yeemodyuli zekhompyutha, ezilungiselelwe izicelo ezifakwe kunye noyilo lwamashishini. I-CM4 inikezela ngokuphucuka okubalulekileyo kokusebenza kunye nokuguquguquka okukhulu kunokwandulelayo, i-CM3 +. Idibanisa iprosesa ye-Broadcom BCM2711 enamandla ngakumbi, esebenzisa i-quad-core ARM Cortex-A72 iarchitecture, i-clocking ukuya kwi-1.5GHz kunye nokuxhasa i-64-bit computing, inyusa kakhulu isantya sokusebenza kunye nokukwazi ukwenza izinto ezininzi.
I-CM4 ifumaneka kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zememori, ukusuka kwi-1GB ukuya kwi-8GB LPDDR4 RAM, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeemeko ezahlukeneyo zesicelo. Ngokumalunga nokugcinwa, zombini inguqu esemgangathweni kunye nokugcinwa kwe-eMMC kunye ne-Lite version kunye okanye ngaphandle kwesitoreji esakhiweyo sikhoyo. Abasebenzisi banokukhetha isisombululo sokugcina ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zeprojekthi. Le modyuli ikwazisa i-PCIe interface exhasa isantya se-Gen2x1, okwenza kube lula ukufikelela kwizixhobo zokwandiswa kwesantya esiphezulu njenge-SSDS, amakhadi womnatha angenazingcingo (kubandakanywa iimodyuli ze-5G), okanye amakhadi akhawulezayo e-GPU.
I-CM4 igcina i-design modular evumela ukuba i-docking kwibhodi ye-carrier ngokusebenzisa i-high-density connectors ukuze kwandiswe iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokudibanisa kuquka i-GPIO, i-USB (kuquka i-USB 3.0), i-Ethernet (i-Gigabit okanye i-2.5G), i-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth 5.0, i-DisplayPort, kunye ne-HDMI. Ezi mpawu zenza ukuba ibe liqonga elifanelekileyo kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwi-iot ye-industrial, i-edge computing, imiqondiso yedijithali ukuya kwiiprojekthi zesiko eliphezulu. Ubungakanani bayo be-compact kunye nokusebenza okunamandla, okudityaniswe nezixhobo ezityebileyo kunye nenkxaso yoluntu ye-Raspberry PI ecosystem, yenza i-CM4 isisombululo sokuzikhethela kubaphuhlisi kunye nabavelisi.

Raspberry PI CM4

Raspberry PI CM4 IO ibhodi

I-Raspberry PI Compute Module 4 IO Ibhodi yi-backboard eyandisiweyo eyenzelwe ngokukodwa i-Compute Module 4 (CM4) ukubonelela nge-interfaces yangaphandle efunekayo kunye namandla okwandisa ukuguqula imodyuli ye-CM4 engundoqo kwibhodi yophuhliso epheleleyo okanye idibanise ngokuthe ngqo kwimveliso yokugqibela. Ibhodi ye-IO ixhunywe kwimodyuli ye-CM4 ngokusebenzisa i-interface yoxinaniso oluphezulu, ebonisa amandla anamandla eCM4.

I-Raspberry PI Pico yibhodi yokuphuhlisa i-microcontroller yexabiso eliphantsi, i-high-performance performance eqaliswe yi-Raspberry PI Foundation ngo-2021 ukuzalisa isithuba kwintsapho ye-Raspberry PI ye-microcontrollers. I-Pico isekwe kuyilo lwetshiphu ye-Raspberry PI ye-RP2040, edibanisa iprosesa eyombini ye-ARM Cortex-M0+ esebenza kwi-133MHz, kunye ne-264KB ye-SRAM kunye ne-2MB yememori yeflash.

Raspberry PI pico series

I-Raspberry PI Sense HAT

I-Raspberry Pi Sense HAT yibhodi yokwandisa eguquguqukayo eyenzelwe ngokukodwa i-Raspberry Pi ukubonelela ngolwazi lokusingqongileyo kunye nokukwazi ukusebenzisana kwimfundo, ukulinga, kunye neeprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zokudala. I-Sense HAT inezi mpawu zilandelayo:
I-8x8 RGB ye-matrix ye-LED: Inokusetyenziswa ukubonisa umbhalo, imizobo okanye oopopayi ukongeza impendulo ebonakalayo kwiprojekthi.
I-joystick yeendlela ezinhlanu: I-joystick efana ne-gamepad equlethe iqhosha eliphakathi kunye nezitshixo ezine ze-D ezingasetyenziselwa ukulawula umdlalo okanye njengesixhobo sokufaka umsebenzisi.
Izinzwa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi: I-gyroscope edibeneyo, i-accelerometer, i-magnetometer (yokulandelela intshukumo kunye nokuhamba), kunye nobushushu, uxinzelelo lomoya kunye nezinzwa zokufuma ukujonga iimeko zokusingqongileyo kunye nentshukumo yomzimba.
Inkxaso yeSoftware: Igosa libonelela ngethala leencwadi lesoftware elityebileyo elixhasa ukufikelela ngokulula kuyo yonke imisebenzi yehardware kusetyenziswa iilwimi ezinjengePython, ukwenza inkqubo nokufunda idatha kube lula nangokukhawuleza.
Izixhobo zemfundo: Ihlala isetyenziswa kwi-STEM (isayensi, itekhnoloji, ubunjineli, kunye nezibalo) imfundo ukunceda abafundi ukuba bafunde inkqubo, imigaqo yefiziksi, kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha ngokufunda ngezandla.

I-Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W yibhodi ye-microcomputer eyenziwe yi-Raspberry Pi Foundation njengenguqu ephuculweyo ye-Raspberry PI Zero W, ekhutshwe ngo-Oktobha 2021. Iimpawu zayo eziphambili ziquka:
Uphuculo lweprosesa: Uphuculo olusuka kwi-ARM11 ye-single-core ukuya kwiprosesa ye-quad-core Cortex-A53 (i-BCM2710A1 chip) iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwekhompyuter kwaye ibaleka ngokukhawuleza.
Yigcine incinci: Ubungakanani be-compact yochungechunge lwe-Zero luyaqhubeka kwiiprojekthi ezizinzisiweyo kunye nezicelo ezixinzelelweyo zendawo.
Ukuqhagamshelwa okungenazintambo: Inethiwekhi yendawo eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi (i-Wi-Fi) kunye nemisebenzi yeBluetooth, njengeZero W, ixhasa ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi kunye nokuqhagamshelwa kwizixhobo ezingenazintambo.
Ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi: Dibanisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye neempawu ze-Raspberry PI ezingaguqukiyo zamandla aphantsi kwiiprojekthi eziphathwayo okanye ezisebenza ngebhetri.
Ukuhambelana kwe-GPIO: Ukugcina ukuhambelana ne-Raspberry PI yentsapho ye-40-pin GPIO interface yokufikelela lula kwiibhodi ezahlukeneyo zokwandisa kunye neenzwa.

Raspberry Pi Zero 2W

I-Raspberry Pi Zero W

I-Raspberry Pi Zero W yenye yamalungu adibeneyo kwaye afikelelekayo kwintsapho ye-Raspberry PI, ekhutshwe ngo-2017. Yinguqulo ephuculweyo ye-Raspberry Pi Zero, kwaye ukuphuculwa okukhulu kukuhlanganiswa kwezakhono ezingenazintambo, kuquka i-Wi-Fi kunye neBluetooth, ngoko ke igama elithi Zero W (W limele Wireless). Ezi zilandelayo zizinto zayo eziphambili:
Ubungakanani: Isinye esithathwini ubungakanani bekhadi letyala, liphatheka kakhulu kwiiprojekthi ezizinzisiweyo kunye neendawo ezixineneyo.
Iprosesa: Ixhotyiswe nge-BCM2835 iprosesa eyodwa-core, i-1GHz, ixhotyiswe nge-RAM ye-512MB.
Ukuqhagamshelwa okungenazintambo: I-802.11n eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi i-Wi-Fi kunye neBluetooth 4.0 yenza lula inkqubo yokufikelela kwi-Intanethi kunye noqhagamshelo lwesixhobo seBluetooth.
I-Interface: i-mini HDMI port, i-micro-USB OTG port (ukudluliselwa kwedatha kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla), i-interface enikezelweyo yamandla e-micro-USB, kunye nekhamera yekhamera ye-CSI kunye ne-40-pin ye-GPIO intloko, inkxaso yokwandiswa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo.
Uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo: Ngenxa yobungakanani bayo obuncinci, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kunye neempawu ezibanzi, ihlala isetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi ze-Intanethi yeZinto, izixhobo ezinxitywayo, izixhobo zemfundo, iiseva ezincinci, ulawulo lwerobhothi kunye namanye amacandelo.

I-Raspberry Pi PoE + HAT yibhodi yokwandisa eyenzelwe ngokukodwa i-Raspberry PI enika amandla kunye nokuhanjiswa kwedatha kwikhebula le-Ethernet, ngokulandela i-IEEE 802.11at PoE + standard. Iimpawu eziphambili zePoE + HAT ziquka:
Amandla adibeneyo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwedatha: Ivumela i-Raspberry PI ukuba ifumane amandla phezu kwentambo ye-Ethernet esemgangathweni ngelixa unxibelelwano lwedatha olukhawulezayo luphelisa imfuno ye-adapter yamandla yangaphandle.
Ukuxhaswa kwamandla aphezulu: Xa kuthelekiswa ne-PoE yendabuko, i-PoE + HAT inokubonelela ukuya kwi-25W yamandla ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziphezulu zamandla e-Raspberry PI kunye neeperipherals zayo.
Ukuhambelana: Yenzelwe ukusebenza kunye neemodeli ezithile zentsapho ye-Raspberry PI, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kakuhle komzimba kunye nombane kunye nokulula kokufakela kunye nokusetyenziswa.
I-Simplified cabling: Ngokukodwa ilungele ukufakela kwiindawo apho ukufikelela kwiivenkile zombane kunzima okanye apho ufuna ukunciphisa i-clutter ngeentambo, ezifana neenkqubo zokubeka iliso ezifakwe kwisilingi, iimpawu zedijithali okanye iindawo zeprojekthi ze-IoT.
Uyilo lokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu: Ngokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu engqondweni, i-PoE + HAT idla ngokubandakanya isisombululo esisebenzayo sokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-Raspberry PI isenokuthi isebenze ngokuzinzileyo nangona ifumana igalelo lamandla aphezulu.