1. I-Electrolytic capacitors
I-Electrolytic capacitors yi-capacitors eyenziwe ngumaleko we-oxidation kwi-electrode ngokusebenzisa isenzo se-electrolyte njenge-insulating layer, edla ngokuba nomthamo omkhulu. I-electrolyte ilulwelo, ijeli-njengezinto ezityebileyo kwii-ion, kwaye uninzi lwee-electrolytic capacitors zipolar, oko kukuthi, xa usebenza, i-voltage ye-electrode entle ye-capacitor kufuneka ihlale iphezulu kunombane ongalunganga.
Umthamo ophezulu we-electrolytic capacitors ukwabingelelwa kwezinye iimpawu ezininzi, ezinje ngokuba nokuvuza okukhulu kwangoku, uthotho olukhulu olulinganayo lwe-inductance kunye nokumelana, impazamo enkulu yokunyamezela, kunye nobomi obufutshane.
Ukongeza kwi-polar electrolytic capacitors, kukho ii-non-polar electrolytic capacitors. Kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi, kukho iindidi ezimbini ze-1000uF, 16V electrolytic capacitors. Phakathi kwabo, inkulu i-non-polar, kwaye encinci i-polar.
(I-non-polar kunye ne-polar electrolytic capacitors)
Ngaphakathi kwe-electrolytic capacitor inokuba yi-electrolyte engamanzi okanye i-polymer eqinile, kwaye i-electrode material idla ngokuba yi-Aluminium (Aluminiyam) okanye i-tantalum (Tandalum). Oku kulandelayo yi-polar aluminium electrolytic capacitor eqhelekileyo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, phakathi kwemigangatho emibini ye-electrode kukho umaleko wephepha lefiber elifakwe kwi-electrolyte, kunye nephepha le-insulating elijike libe yi-cylinder, elitywinwe kwiqokobhe le-aluminium.
(Isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-electrolytic capacitor)
Ukuqhaqha i-electrolytic capacitor, isakhiwo sayo esisisiseko sinokubonakala ngokucacileyo. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphuphuma kwamanzi kunye nokuvuza kwe-electrolyte, inxalenye yepini ye-capacitor igxininiswe ngerubha yokutywina.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, inani libonisa umahluko kwivolumu yangaphakathi phakathi kwe-polar kunye ne-non-polar electrolytic capacitors. Kwinqanaba elifanayo lomthamo kunye nenqanaba le-voltage, i-non-polar electrolytic capacitor imalunga nokuphindwe kabini ngobukhulu kunepolar.
(Isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-non-polar kunye ne-polar electrolytic capacitors)
Lo mahluko ikakhulu uvela kumahluko omkhulu kwindawo yee-electrodes ngaphakathi kwee-capacitors ezimbini. I-electrode ye-non-polar capacitor isekhohlo kwaye i-electrode yepolar isekunene. Ukongeza kumahluko wendawo, ubukhulu bee-electrode ezimbini bukwahluke, kwaye ubukhulu be-polar capacitor electrode buncinci.
(Electrolytic capacitor aluminiyam sheet yobubanzi obahlukeneyo)
2. Ukudubula kweCapacitor
Xa i-voltage esetyenziswa yi-capacitor idlula i-voltage yayo yokumelana, okanye xa i-polarity ye-voltage ye-polar electrolytic capacitor iguqulwa, i-capacitor yokuvuza yangoku iya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza, okukhokelela ekwandeni kobushushu bangaphakathi be-capacitor, kunye ne-electrolyte. iya kuvelisa isixa esikhulu segesi.
Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuqhuma kwe-capacitor, kukho i-grooves emithathu ecinezelwe phezulu kwi-capacitor yezindlu, ukwenzela ukuba phezulu kwe-capacitor kube lula ukuphuka phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nokukhulula uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi.
(Itanki yokuqhushumba phezulu kwe-electrolytic capacitor)
Nangona kunjalo, ezinye ii-capacitors kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, i-groove ephezulu yokucinezela ayifanelekanga, uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kwi-capacitor luya kwenza i-rubber yokutywinwa phantsi kwe-capacitor ikhutshwe, ngeli xesha uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwe-capacitor lukhutshwe ngokukhawuleza, luya kwenza. ugqabhuko-dubulo.
I-1, i-non-polar electrolytic capacitor explosion
Umfanekiso ongezantsi ubonisa i-non-polar electrolytic capacitor esandleni, kunye nomthamo we-1000uF kunye ne-voltage ye-16V. Emva kokuba i-voltage esetyenzisiweyo idlula i-18V, ukuvuza kwangoku kwanda ngokukhawuleza, kwaye iqondo lokushisa kunye noxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwe-capacitor yanda. Ekugqibeleni, itywina lerabha elisezantsi kwe-capacitor liyagqabhuka, kwaye ii-electrode zangaphakathi zityunyuzwa zakhululeka njengepopcorn.
(i-non-polar electrolytic capacitor overvoltage blasting)
Ngokudibanisa i-thermocouple kwi-capacitor, kunokwenzeka ukulinganisa inkqubo apho ubushushu be-capacitor buguquka njengoko i-voltage esetyenzisiweyo iyanda. Lo mfanekiso ulandelayo ubonisa i-non-polar capacitor kwinkqubo yokunyuka kwe-voltage, xa i-voltage esetyenzisiweyo idlula ixabiso lokumelana nombane, ubushushu bangaphakathi buqhubeka nokunyusa inkqubo.
(Ubudlelwane phakathi kombane kunye nobushushu)
Umfanekiso ongezantsi ubonisa utshintsho kwi-current flowing through the capacitor ngexesha lenkqubo efanayo. Ingabonwa ukuba ukunyuka kwangoku kusona sizathu siphambili sokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa langaphakathi. Kule nkqubo, i-voltage inyuka ngokulandelelana, kwaye njengoko ikhoyo ngoku iphakama ngokukhawuleza, iqela lokubonelela ngombane lenza ukuhla kwamandla ombane. Ekugqibeleni, xa i-current idlula i-6A, i-capacitor iqhuma ngomsindo omkhulu.
(Ubudlelwane phakathi kombane kunye nokhoyo)
Ngenxa yomthamo omkhulu wangaphakathi we-non-polar electrolytic capacitor kunye nomthamo we-electrolyte, uxinzelelo oluveliswa emva kokuphuphuma lukhulu, olukhokelela kwitanki yokunciphisa uxinzelelo phezulu kwigobolondo ingaphulwa, kunye nerubha yokutywina ezantsi. ye-capacitor ivuthelwe ivuleke.
2, ukuqhuma kwe-polar electrolytic capacitor
Kwi-polar electrolytic capacitors, i-voltage isetyenziswa. Xa i-voltage idlula i-voltage yokumelana ne-capacitor, ukuvuza kwangoku kuya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza, kubangela ukuba i-capacitor igqithise kwaye iqhume.
Umfanekiso ongezantsi ubonisa i-electrolytic capacitor ekhawulelayo, enomthamo we-1000uF kunye ne-voltage ye-16V. Emva kokugqithisa, inkqubo yoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ikhutshwa ngetanki yokunciphisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu, ngoko ke inkqubo yokuqhuma kwe-capacitor iyagwenywa.
Lo mfanekiso ulandelayo ubonisa indlela iqondo lokushisa le-capacitor elitshintsha ngayo ngokunyuka kombane osetyenzisiweyo. Njengoko i-voltage isondela ngokuthe ngcembe kwi-voltage yokumelana ne-capacitor, i-current residual ye-capacitor iyanda, kwaye ubushushu bangaphakathi buyaqhubeka bukhuphuka.
(Ubudlelwane phakathi kombane kunye nobushushu)
Lo mzobo ulandelayo kukutshintsha kokuvuza kwangoku kwe-capacitor, i-16V ye-electrolytic capacitor ebizwa ngokuba yi-electrolytic capacitor, kwinkqubo yokuvavanya, xa i-voltage idlula i-15V, ukuvuza kwe-capacitor kuqala ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza.
(Ubudlelwane phakathi kombane kunye nokhoyo)
Ngenkqubo yovavanyo yee-electrolytic capacitors ezimbini zokuqala, kunokubonwa ukuba umda wombane we-1000uF eqhelekileyo ye-electrolytic capacitors. Ukuze ugweme ukuphuka kwe-high-voltage ye-capacitor, xa usebenzisa i-electrolytic capacitor, kuyimfuneko ukushiya umda owaneleyo ngokuhambelana nokuguquguquka kwangempela kwamandla.
3,electrolytic capacitors kuthotho
Apho kufanelekileyo, i-capacitance enkulu kunye ne-capacitance enkulu yokumelana ne-voltage inokufumaneka ngokudibanisa kunye noqhagamshelwano lwechungechunge, ngokulandelelanayo.
(ipopcorn ye-electrolytic capacitor emva kokuqhuma koxinzelelo olugqithisileyo)
Kwezinye izicelo, i-voltage esetyenziswa kwi-capacitor yi-AC yombane, efana ne-coupling capacitors yezithethi, imbuyekezo yesigaba sangoku, i-motor phase-shifting capacitors, njl., efuna ukusetyenziswa kwee-non-polar electrolytic capacitors.
Kwincwadana yomsebenzisi enikwe ngabavelisi abathile be-capacitor, kunikwe kwakhona ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwee-polar capacitors zendabuko ngokulandelelana kwe-back-to-back, oko kukuthi, ii-capacitors ezimbini kuchungechunge kunye, kodwa i-polarity ichasene ukufumana isiphumo sokunge- i-polar capacitors.
(i-electrolytic capacitance emva kokuqhuma kwe-overvoltage)
Oku kulandelayo kukuthelekisa i-polar capacitor ekusebenziseni umbane ohamba phambili, i-voltage ejikelezayo, i-electrolytic capacitors i-back-to-back series kwiimeko ezintathu ze-non-polar capacitance, ukuvuza utshintsho lwangoku kunye nokunyuka kombane osetyenzisiweyo.
1. I-voltage phambili kunye nokuvuza kwangoku
Ikhoyo ngoku ehamba nge-capacitor ilinganiswa ngokudibanisa i-resistor kuchungechunge. Ngaphakathi kuluhlu lokunyamezela umbane we-electrolytic capacitor (1000uF, 16V), amandla ombane asetyenzisiweyo anyuswa ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka ku-0V ukulinganisa ubudlelwane phakathi kokuvuza okuhambelanayo okwangoku kunye nombane.
(ubuchule bochungechunge olulungileyo)
Lo mzobo ulandelayo ubonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kokuvuza kwangoku kunye nombane wepolar aluminiyam electrolytic capacitor, olubudlelwane obungahambelaniyo kunye nokuvuza kwangoku okungaphantsi kwe-0.5mA.
(Ubudlelwane phakathi kombane kunye nangoku emva kothotho lwangaphambili)
2, umva wombane kunye nokuvuza kwangoku
Ukusebenzisa umsinga ofanayo ukulinganisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-voltage ye-directional esetyenzisiweyo kunye ne-electrolytic capacitor leakage current, inokubonwa kumzobo ongezantsi ukuba xa i-voltage esetyenzisiweyo ye-reverse idlula i-4V, ukuvuza kwangoku kuqala ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza. Ukusuka kwithambeka legophe elilandelayo, i-reverse electrolytic capacitance ilingana nokumelana ne-1 ohms.
(Reverse voltage Ubudlelwane phakathi kwamandla ombane kunye nawangoku)
3. I-Capacitors ye-back-to-back series
Iicapacitors ezimbini ezifanayo ze-electrolytic (1000uF, 16V) ziqhagamshelwe umva-umva kuthotho ukwenza i-electrolytic capacitor engeyo-polar elinganayo, kwaye ke ijiko lobudlelwane phakathi kombane kunye nokuvuza kwangoku kuyalinganiswa.
(ubuchule bochungechunge olulungileyo kunye nengalunganga)
Umzobo olandelayo ubonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kombane we-capacitor kunye nokuvuza kwangoku, kwaye unokubona ukuba ukunyuka kwangoku kwanda emva kokuba i-voltage esetyenzisiweyo idlula i-4V, kwaye i-amplitude yangoku ingaphantsi kwe-1.5mA.
Kwaye lo mlinganiso uyamangalisa, kuba uyabona ukuba ukuvuza kwangoku kwezi zimbini ze-back-to-back series capacitors ngokwenene zinkulu kunokokuvuza kwangoku kwe-capacitor enye xa umbane usetyenziselwa phambili.
(Ubudlelwane phakathi kombane kunye nangoku emva kochungechunge oluhle kunye olubi)
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezizathu zexesha, akukho vavanyo oluphindaphindiweyo lwale nto. Mhlawumbi enye ye-capacitors esetyenzisiweyo yayiyi-capacitor yovavanyo lwe-voltage eguqukayo ngoku, kwaye kwakukho umonakalo ngaphakathi, ngoko ke i-curve yovavanyo engentla yenziwa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-25-2023
