Intshayelelo yetshiphu yeklasi
Itshiphu yolawulo ikakhulu ibhekisa kwi-MCU (iYunithi yeMicrocontroller), oko kukuthi, i-microcontroller, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-chip eyodwa, kukunciphisa i-frequency ye-CPU kunye neenkcukacha ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nememori, ixesha, ukuguqulwa kwe-A / D, iwotshi, /O izibuko kunye nonxibelelwano lwe-serial kunye nezinye iimodyuli ezisebenzayo kunye nojongano oludityanisiweyo kwi-chip enye. Ukuqaphela umsebenzi wokulawula i-terminal, ineenzuzo zokusebenza okuphezulu, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, ukucwangciswa kunye nokuguquguquka okuphezulu.
Umzobo we-MCU wenqanaba lokulinganisa isithuthi
I-Automotive yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu yesicelo se-MCU, ngokwedatha ye-IC Insights, ngo-2019, isicelo se-MCU yehlabathi jikelele kwi-automotive electronics sibalwa malunga ne-33%. Inani le-MCUS elisetyenziswa yimoto nganye kwiimodeli eziphakamileyo lisondele kwi-100, ukusuka kwiikhomputha zokuqhuba, izixhobo ze-LCD, iinjini, i-chassis, amacandelo amakhulu kunye amancinci emotweni adinga ulawulo lwe-MCU.
Ngeentsuku zokuqala, i-8-bit kunye ne-16-bit ye-MCUS yayisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiimoto, kodwa ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kombane wemoto kunye nobukrelekrele, inani kunye nomgangatho we-MCUS ofunekayo nawo uyakhula. Okwangoku, umlinganiselo we-32-bit MCUS kwi-MCUS yeemoto ufikelele malunga ne-60%, apho i-ARM's Cortex series kernel, ngenxa yeendleko zayo eziphantsi kunye nolawulo olubalaseleyo lwamandla, lolona khetho luphambili lwabavelisi beemoto ze-MCU.
Iiparamitha eziphambili ze-MCU zemoto ziquka i-voltage yokusebenza, i-frequency yokusebenza, i-Flash kunye ne-RAM umthamo, imodyuli ye-timer kunye nenombolo yeshaneli, imodyuli ye-ADC kunye nenombolo yeshaneli, uhlobo lwe-serial yonxibelelwano lwe-serial kunye nenombolo, igalelo kunye nemveliso ye-I / O inombolo ye-port, ubushushu bokusebenza, iphakheji. ifom kunye nenqanaba lokhuseleko olusebenzayo.
Yahlulwe ngamasuntswana e-CPU, i-MCUS yeemoto inokwahlulwa ikakhulu ibe ngamasuntswana ayi-8, amasuntswana ali-16 kunye namasuntswana angama-32. Ngophuculo lwenkqubo, iindleko ze-32-bit MCUS ziyaqhubeka nokuwa, kwaye ngoku iye yaba yinto eqhelekileyo, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ithatha indawo yezicelo kunye neemarike ezilawulwa yi-8 / 16-bit MCUS kwixesha elidlulileyo.
Ukuba yahlulwe ngokwecandelo lesicelo, i-MCU yeemoto inokwahlulwa ibe yi-domain yomzimba, i-domain yamandla, i-chassis domain, i-domain ye-cockpit kunye ne-domain yokuqhuba ehlakaniphile. Kwi-domain ye-cockpit kunye ne-intelligent drive domain, i-MCU kufuneka ibe namandla aphezulu e-computing kunye ne-high-speed yangaphandle yokunxibelelana konxibelelwano, njenge-CAN FD kunye ne-Ethernet. Isizinda somzimba sikwafuna inani elikhulu lonxibelelwano lwangaphandle, kodwa iimfuno zamandla ekhompyutheni ye-MCU ziphantsi, ngelixa i-domain yamandla kunye ne-chassis domain ifuna ubushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza kunye namanqanaba okhuseleko asebenzayo.
Itshiphu yolawulo lwendawo yeChassis
I-domain ye-Chassis inxulumene nokuqhuba isithuthi kwaye iqulunqwe yinkqubo yokuhambisa, inkqubo yokuqhuba, inkqubo yokulawula kunye nenkqubo yokuqhawula. Iqulunqwe ziinkqubo ezingaphantsi ezintlanu, ezizezi, isitishi, isiqhoboshi, ukushukuma, ukuthontsiza kunye nenkqubo yokuxhoma. Ngokuphuhliswa kobukrelekrele bemoto, ukuqondwa kwembono, ukucwangciswa kwezigqibo kunye nokulawulwa kokulawulwa kwezithuthi ezikrelekrele zezona nkqubo zingundoqo zesizinda se-chassis. I-Steering-by-wire kunye ne-drive-by-wire zizinto eziphambili zokuphela kokulawula ukuqhuba ngokuzenzekelayo.
(1) Iimfuneko zomsebenzi
I-chassis domain ye-ECU isebenzisa i-high-performance, i-scalable functional platform yokhuseleko kwaye ixhasa i-sensor clustering kunye ne-multi-axis inertial sensors. Ngokusekwe kule meko yesicelo, ezi mfuno zilandelayo zicetywayo kwi-chassis domain MCU:
· I-frequency ephezulu kunye neemfuno zamandla aphezulu ekhompyuter, i-frequency ephambili ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-200MHz kwaye amandla ekhompyuter angekho ngaphantsi kwe-300DMIPS
· Indawo yogcino lweFlash ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-2MB, enekhowudi UFlash kunye nedatha Ukwahlula ngokwasemzimbeni kweFlash;
· I-RAM engekho ngaphantsi kwe-512KB;
· Iimfuno zomgangatho wokhuseleko ophezulu, zinokufikelela kwinqanaba le-ASIL-D;
· Ixhasa i-12-bit yokuchaneka kwe-ADC;
· Inkxaso ye-32-bit yokuchaneka okuphezulu, isibali-xesha esiphezulu songqamaniso;
· Ixhasa amajelo amaninzi e-CAN-FD;
· Inkxaso engekho ngaphantsi kwe-100M Ethernet;
· Ukuthembeka akukho ngaphantsi kwe-AEC-Q100 Grade1;
· Ukuxhasa ukuphuculwa kwe-intanethi (OTA);
· Inkxaso yomsebenzi wokuqinisekisa i-firmware (i-algorithm yesizwe eyimfihlo);
(2) Iimfuno zokusebenza
Inxalenye yeKernel:
I. I-Core frequency: oko kukuthi, i-clock frequency xa i-kernel isebenza, esetyenziselwa ukumela isantya se-kernel digital pulse signal oscillation, kwaye i-frequency engundoqo ayinakumela ngokuthe ngqo isantya sokubala se-kernel. Isantya sokusebenza kweKernel sikwanxulumene nombhobho we-kernel, i-cache, iseti yomyalelo, njl.
II. Amandla okubambisa: I-DMIPS idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya. I-DMIPS yiyunithi elinganisa ukusebenza okunxulumeneyo kwenkqubo ehlanganisiweyo yomgangatho we-MCU xa ivavanywa.
· Iiparamitha zememori:
I. Imemori yekhowudi: imemori esetyenziselwa ukugcina ikhowudi;
II. Imemori yedatha: imemori esetyenziselwa ukugcina idatha;
III.RAM: Inkumbulo esetyenziselwa ukugcina idatha yethutyana kunye nekhowudi.
· Ibhasi yonxibelelwano: kubandakanywa ibhasi ekhethekileyo yemoto kunye nebhasi yonxibelelwano eqhelekileyo;
· Iiperipherals ezichaneke kakhulu;
· Ubushushu bokusebenza;
(3) Ipateni yoshishino
Njengoko i-architecture yombane kunye ne-electronic esetyenziswa ngabavelisi beemoto ezahlukeneyo iya kwahluka, iimfuno zecandelo le-chassis domain ziya kwahluka. Ngenxa yokucwangciswa okuhlukeneyo kweemodeli ezahlukeneyo zefektri yemoto efanayo, ukukhethwa kwe-ECU yendawo ye-chassis kuya kuhluka. Lo mahluko uya kubangela iimfuno ezahlukeneyo ze-MCU kwisizinda se-chassis. Ngokomzekelo, i-Honda Accord isebenzisa iitshiphusi ze-MCU ze-chassis ezintathu, kwaye i-Audi Q7 isebenzisa malunga ne-11 ye-chassis domain ye-MCU chips. Ngo-2021, ukuveliswa kweemoto zohlobo lwaseTshayina malunga nezigidi ezili-10, apho imfuno ephakathi kwe-MCUS yebhayisikile ye-chassis yi-5, kwaye imarike iyonke ifikelele malunga ne-50 yezigidi. Ababoneleli abaphambili be-MCUS kuyo yonke indawo ye-chassis yi-Infineon, NXP, Renesas, Microchip, TI kunye ne-ST. Aba bahlanu abathengisi be-semiconductor bamazwe ngamazwe benza ngaphezu kwe-99% yemarike ye-chassis domain MCUS.
(4) Imiqobo yoshishino
Ukusuka kwimbono ephambili yezobugcisa, iinqununu ze-chassis domain ezifana ne-EPS, i-EPB, i-ESC ihambelana ngokusondeleyo nokhuseleko lobomi bomqhubi, ngoko ke umgangatho wokhuseleko osebenzayo we-chassis domain MCU uphezulu kakhulu, ngokusisiseko i-ASIL-D iimfuno zenqanaba. Eli nqanaba lokhuseleko elisebenzayo le-MCU alinanto e-China. Ukongeza kwinqanaba lokhuseleko olusebenzayo, iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwamacandelo e-chassis zineemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu ze-MCU rhoqo, amandla e-computing, umthamo wememori, ukusebenza kwe-peripheral, ukuchaneka kwe-peripheral kunye nezinye iinkalo. Isizinda se-Chassis se-MCU senze umqobo weshishini ophezulu kakhulu, ofuna abavelisi be-MCU basekhaya ukuba bacele umngeni kwaye baphule.
Ngokubhekiselele kwikhonkco lokubonelela, ngenxa yeemfuno zokuphindaphinda okuphezulu kunye namandla aphezulu ekhompyuter kwi-chip yokulawula yamacandelo esizinda se-chassis, iimfuno eziphezulu kakhulu zibekwe phambili kwinkqubo kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa i-wafer. Okwangoku, kubonakala ngathi inkqubo ye-55nm ubuncinane iyafuneka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zefrikhwensi ye-MCU ngaphezulu kwe-200MHz. Kule meko, umgca wemveliso wasekhaya we-MCU awuphelelanga kwaye awukafiki kwinqanaba lemveliso yobuninzi. Abavelisi be-semiconductor bamazwe ngamazwe bamkele ngokusisiseko imodeli ye-IDM, ngokwemigaqo ye-wafer foundries, okwangoku kuphela yi-TSMC, i-UMC kunye ne-GF enobuchule obuhambelanayo. Abavelisi beetshiphu zasekhaya zonke ziinkampani zeFabless, kwaye kukho imingeni kunye nemingcipheko ethile kwimveliso ye-wafer kunye nokuqinisekiswa komthamo.
Kwiimeko zekompyutha ezingundoqo ezifana nokuqhuba ukuzimela, i-cpus yenjongo eqhelekileyo yemveli kunzima ukuziqhelanisa neemfuno zekhompuyutha ye-AI ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kwekhompyuter, kwaye iichips ze-AI ezifana neGpus, FPgas kunye ne-ASics zinomsebenzi ogqwesileyo emphethweni kunye nelifu kunye nezazo. iimpawu kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ngokombono weendlela zetekhnoloji, i-GPU iya kuhlala iyona nto iphambili ye-AI chip kwixesha elifutshane, kwaye kwixesha elide, i-ASIC yeyona ndlela iphambili. Ngokwembono yeendlela zentengiso, imfuno yehlabathi yeetshiphusi ze-AI iya kugcina ukukhula okukhawulezileyo, kwaye ilifu kunye neetshiphusi zomphetho zinokukhula okukhulu, kwaye izinga lokukhula kwemarike kulindeleke ukuba lisondele kuma-50% kule minyaka mihlanu izayo. Nangona isiseko sobuchwepheshe be-chip yasekhaya sibuthathaka, ngokufika ngokukhawuleza kwezicelo ze-AI, umthamo okhawulezayo wesidingo se-AI chip udala amathuba obuchwepheshe kunye nokukhula kwamandla amashishini e-chip asekhaya. Ukuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo kuneemfuno ezingqongqo kumandla ekhompyuter, ukulibaziseka kunye nokuthembeka. Okwangoku, izisombululo zeGPU+FPGA zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ngokuzinza kwe-algorithms kunye nedatha eqhutywayo, ii-ASics kulindeleke ukuba zifumane indawo yentengiso.
Indawo eninzi iyafuneka kwi-chip ye-CPU yokuxela kwangaphambili kwesebe kunye nokwenza ngcono, ukugcina amazwe ahlukeneyo ukunciphisa ukubaleka kokutshintsha umsebenzi. Oku kuyenza ilunge ngakumbi kulawulo lwengqiqo, ukusebenza kothotho kunye nokusebenza kohlobo jikelele lwedatha. Thatha i-GPU kunye ne-CPU njengomzekelo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-CPU, i-GPU isebenzisa inani elikhulu leeyunithi zekhompyutha kunye nombhobho omde, kuphela ingqiqo yokulawula elula kwaye isuse iCache. I-CPU ayihlali nje kuphela indawo eninzi ngeCache, kodwa ikwanengqiqo yolawulo oluntsonkothileyo kunye neesekethe ezininzi zokuphucula, xa kuthelekiswa namandla ekhompyuter yinxalenye encinci kuphela.
Itshiphu yolawulo lwesizinda samandla
Umlawuli wesizinda samandla yiyunithi yolawulo lwe-powertrain ekrelekrele. Nge-CAN / FLEXRAY ukufezekisa ulawulo lokudluliselwa, ulawulo lwebhetri, ukulawulwa kwe-alternator esweni, isetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kwe-powertrain kunye nokulawula, ngelixa zombini umbane okrelekrele ukuxilongwa kombane ohlakaniphile ukonga amandla, unxibelelwano lwebhasi kunye neminye imisebenzi.
(1) Iimfuneko zomsebenzi
Ulawulo lwedomeyini yamandla ye-MCU inokuxhasa usetyenziso olukhulu kumandla, njenge-BMS, enezi mfuno zilandelayo:
· I-frequency ephezulu ephambili, i-frequency engundoqo 600MHz ~ 800MHz
· RAM 4MB
· Iimfuno zomgangatho wokhuseleko ophezulu, zinokufikelela kwinqanaba le-ASIL-D;
· Ixhasa amajelo amaninzi e-CAN-FD;
· Inkxaso ye-2G Ethernet;
· Ukuthembeka akukho ngaphantsi kwe-AEC-Q100 Grade1;
· Inkxaso yomsebenzi wokuqinisekisa i-firmware (i-algorithm yesizwe eyimfihlo);
(2) Iimfuno zokusebenza
Ukusebenza okuphezulu: Imveliso idibanisa i-ARM Cortex R5 i-CPU ye-core-core lock-step ye-CPU kunye ne-4MB kwi-chip ye-SRAM ukuxhasa ukunyuka kwamandla ekhompyutheni kunye neemfuno zememori yezicelo zeemoto. I-ARM Cortex-R5F CPU ukuya kuthi ga kwi-800MHz. Ukhuseleko oluphezulu: Umgangatho wokuthembeka kwenkcazo yesithuthi i-AEC-Q100 ifikelela kwiBanga loku-1, kwaye i-ISO26262 inqanaba lokhuseleko elisebenzayo lifikelela ku-ASIL D. I-double-core lock step step CPU inokufikelela kwi-99% yokuxilonga. Imodyuli yokhuseleko yolwazi eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi idibanisa i-random generator yokwenyani, i-AES, i-RSA, i-ECC, i-SHA, kunye ne-accelerators ye-hardware ehambelana nemigangatho efanelekileyo yeSizwe kunye nokhuseleko lwezoshishino. Ukudityaniswa kwale misebenzi yokhuseleko lolwazi kunokuhlangabezana neemfuno zezicelo ezinjengokuqalisa okukhuselekileyo, unxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo, uhlaziyo olukhuselekileyo lwe-firmware kunye nokuphuculwa.
Itshiphu yokulawula indawo yomzimba
Ummandla womzimba unoxanduva ikakhulu kulawulo lwemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yomzimba. Ngokuphuhliswa kwesithuthi, umlawuli wendawo yomzimba kwakhona ngakumbi nangakumbi, ukwenzela ukunciphisa iindleko zomlawuli, ukunciphisa ubunzima besithuthi, ukudibanisa kufuneka kubeke zonke izixhobo zokusebenza, ukusuka kwindawo yangaphambili, embindini. Inxalenye yemoto kunye nendawo engasemva yemoto, efana nesibane sebhuleki yangasemva, isibane sendawo yangasemva, isitshixo esingasemva socango, kunye nentonga yokuhlala ephindwe kabini edityanisiweyo ibe ngumlawuli opheleleyo.
Umlawuli wendawo yomzimba ngokubanzi udibanisa i-BCM, i-PEPS, i-TPMS, i-Gateway kunye neminye imisebenzi, kodwa unokwandisa ukulungiswa kwesihlalo, ukulawulwa kwesibuko esingasemva, ulawulo lwe-air conditioning kunye neminye imisebenzi, ulawulo olubanzi nolumanyeneyo lwe-actuator nganye, ulwabiwo olufanelekileyo nolusebenzayo lwemithombo yenkqubo. . Imisebenzi yolawulo lwendawo yomzimba mininzi, njengoko kubonisiwe ngezantsi, kodwa ayiphelelanga kule idweliswe apha.
(1) Iimfuneko zomsebenzi
Iimfuno eziphambili ze-automotive electronics ze-MCU control chips zizinzo olungcono, ukuthembeka, ukhuseleko, ixesha lokwenyani kunye nezinye iimpawu zobugcisa, kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwekhompyutha kunye nokugcinwa komthamo, kunye neemfuno zesalathisi sokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi. Umlawuli wendawo yomzimba uye watshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka kwi-decentralized functional deployment ukuya kumlawuli omkhulu odibanisa zonke iidrives ezisisiseko ze-electronics body, imisebenzi ephambili, izibane, iingcango, iiWindows, njl. ukulawula izitshixo zocango, iiWindows kunye nolunye ulawulo, izitshixo ezihlakaniphile ze-PEPS, ulawulo lwamandla, njl njl. Kanye nesango le-CAN, i-CANFD eyandisiweyo kunye ne-FLEXRAY, inethiwekhi ye-LIN, i-interface ye-Ethernet kunye nophuhliso lwemodyuli kunye nobugcisa bokuyila.
Ngokubanzi, iimfuno zomsebenzi wemisebenzi yolawulo ekhankanywe ngasentla ye-MCU ephambili yokulawula i-chip kwindawo yomzimba ibonakala ngokukodwa kwiinkalo ze-computing kunye nokusebenza kokucubungula, ukudibanisa okusebenzayo, unxibelelwano lonxibelelwano kunye nokuthembeka. Ngokweemfuno ezithile, ngenxa yeyantlukwano yokusebenza kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kwindawo yomzimba, njengamandla eWindows, izihlalo ezizenzekelayo, i-tailgate yombane kunye nezinye iinkqubo zomzimba, kusekho iimfuno zokulawula iimoto ezisebenzayo, ezo zicelo zomzimba zifuna I-MCU yokudibanisa i-FOC yolawulo lwe-algorithm yombane kunye neminye imisebenzi. Ukongeza, iimeko ezahlukeneyo zesicelo kwindawo yomzimba zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokucwangciswa kojongano lwe-chip. Ngoko ke, ngokuqhelekileyo kuyimfuneko ukukhetha indawo ye-MCU yomzimba ngokweemfuno zokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwimeko ethile yesicelo, kwaye kule siseko, ukulinganisa ngokubanzi ukusebenza kweendleko zemveliso, amandla okubonelela kunye nenkonzo yobugcisa kunye nezinye izinto.
(2) Iimfuno zokusebenza
Ezona zalathisi ziphambili zolawulo lwendawo ye-MCU chip zezi zilandelayo:
Ukusebenza: ARM Cortex-M4F@ 144MHz, 180DMIPS, eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi 8KB umyalelo Cache cache, inkxaso Flash acceleration unit execution inkqubo 0 linda.
Umthamo omkhulu wememori efihliweyo: ukuya kuthi ga kwi-512K Bytes eFlash, inkxaso yokugcina i-encrypted, ulawulo lwezahlulo kunye nokukhuselwa kwedatha, ukuxhasa ukuqinisekiswa kwe-ECC, amaxesha angama-100,000 okucima, iminyaka eyi-10 yokugcinwa kwedatha; I-144K Bytes SRAM, ixhasa i-hardware parity.
Unxibelelwano oludityanisiweyo lonxibelelwano olutyebileyo: Inkxaso ye-GPIO yamatshaneli amaninzi, i-USART, i-UART, i-SPI, i-QSPI, i-I2C, i-SDIO, i-USB2.0, i-CAN 2.0B, i-EMAC, i-DVP kunye nezinye i-interfaces.
I-simulator edibeneyo yokusebenza okuphezulu: Inkxaso ye-12bit 5Msps ye-ADC ephezulu, i-amplifier esebenzayo kaloliwe ukuya kuloliwe, i-analog comparator ye-high-speed, 12bit 1Msps DAC; Inkxaso yegalelo langaphandle elizimeleyo lomthombo wamandla ombane, iqhosha lokuchukumisa le-multi-channel capacitive; Isantya esiphezulu seDMA isilawuli.
Ukuxhasa i-RC yangaphakathi okanye igalelo lewotshi ye-crystal yangaphandle, ukusetha kwakhona ukuthembeka okuphezulu.
Ulungelelwaniso olwakhelwe ngaphakathi lwe-RTC yewotshi yexesha lokwenyani, inkxaso yekhalenda engapheliyo yonyaka, iminyhadala ye-alam, ukuvuka kwamaxesha athile.
Xhasa isibali sexesha esichanekileyo.
Iimpawu zokhuseleko lwenqanaba le-Hardware: I-Encryption algorithm hardware acceleration engine, ixhasa i-AES, i-DES, i-TDES, i-SHA1/224/256, i-SM1, i-SM3, i-SM4, i-SM7, i-MD5 algorithms; I-encryption yokugcina i-flash, i-multi-user partition management (MMU), i-TRNG yokwenene i-random generator inombolo, ukusebenza kwe-CRC16/32; Ukuxhasa ukhuseleko lokubhala (WRP), amanqanaba okufunda amaninzi (RDP) (L0 / L1 / L2); Inkxaso yokuqaliswa kokhuseleko, ukhuphelo lwenkqubo yokufihlakala, uhlaziyo lokhuseleko.
Inkxaso yokubeka iliso yokungaphumeleli kwewotshi kunye nokubeka iliso lokulwa nokudilizwa.
I-96-bit ye-UID kunye ne-128-bit UCID.
Indawo yokusebenza ethembekileyo kakhulu: 1.8V ~ 3.6V/-40℃ ~ 105℃.
(3) Ipateni yoshishino
Inkqubo ye-elektroniki yendawo yomzimba ikwinqanaba lokuqala lokukhula kumashishini angaphandle nasekhaya. Amashishini angaphandle afana ne-BCM, i-PEPS, iingcango kunye ne-Windows, isilawuli sesihlalo kunye nezinye iimveliso ezinomsebenzi omnye zinokuqokelela okunzulu kobugcisa, ngelixa iinkampani ezinkulu zangaphandle zinobubanzi obubanzi bemigca yemveliso, zibeka isiseko sokuba zenze iimveliso zokudibanisa inkqubo. . Amashishini asekhaya aneenzuzo ezithile ekusetyenzisweni komzimba omtsha wesithuthi samandla. Thatha i-BYD njengomzekelo, kwisithuthi samandla esitsha se-BYD, indawo yomzimba ihlukaniswe kwiindawo ezisekhohlo nasekunene, kwaye imveliso yokuhlanganiswa kwenkqubo iphinda ihlelwe kwaye ichazwe. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubhekiselele kwi-chips zokulawula indawo yomzimba, umthengisi oyintloko we-MCU useyi-Infineon, i-NXP, i-Renesas, i-Microchip, i-ST kunye nabanye abavelisi be-chip bamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nabavelisi be-chip basekhaya okwangoku banesabelo esiphantsi semarike.
(4) Imiqobo yoshishino
Ukusuka kumbono wonxibelelwano, kukho inkqubo yenguquko yolwakhiwo lwemveli-i-hybrid architecture-iPlatform yokugqibela yeVehicle Computer. Utshintsho kwisantya sonxibelelwano, kunye nokunciphisa ixabiso lamandla ekhompyutheni esisiseko kunye nokhuseleko olusebenzayo oluphezulu lungundoqo, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuqonda ngokuthe ngcembe ukuhambelana kwemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwinqanaba le-elektroniki lomlawuli osisiseko kwixesha elizayo. Ngokomzekelo, umlawuli wendawo yomzimba unokudibanisa i-BCM yendabuko, i-PEPS, kunye ne-ripple anti-pinch function. Ngokwentelekiso, imiqobo yobugcisa yetshiphu yolawulo lwendawo yomzimba isezantsi kunendawo yamandla, indawo ye-cockpit, njl., kwaye iitshiphusi zasekhaya kulindeleke ukuba zikhokele ekwenzeni impumelelo enkulu kwindawo yomzimba kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe iqonde indawo yasekhaya. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-MCU yasekhaya kwindawo yomzimba ngaphambili kunye nemarike yokunyuka ngasemva iye yanophuhliso oluhle kakhulu.
Itshiphu yolawulo lwe-Cockpit
Umbane, ubukrelekrele kunye nothungelwano lukhawulezise uphuhliso lweemoto ze-elektroniki kunye ne-architecture yombane ukuya kwicala lolawulo lwesizinda, kwaye i-cockpit nayo ikhula ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwinkqubo yokuzonwabisa yemoto kunye nevidiyo ukuya kwi-cockpit ekrelekrele. I-cockpit inikwe i-interface yokusebenzelana kwekhompyutha yomntu, kodwa nokuba yinkqubo ye-infotainment yangaphambili okanye i-cockpit ekrelekrele yangoku, ukongeza ekubeni ne-SOC enamandla enesantya se-computing, ikwafuna i-MCU yexesha lokwenyani ukujongana nayo. unxibelelwano lwedatha kunye nesithuthi. Ukudunyiswa ngokuthe ngcembe kwezithuthi ezichazwe kwisoftware, i-OTA kunye ne-Autosar kwi-cockpit ekrelekrele yenza ukuba iimfuno zezixhobo ze-MCU kwindawo yokukhwela zinyuke. Ibonakaliswe ngokukodwa kwimfuno ekhulayo yeFLASH kunye nomthamo we-RAM, imfuno yokubala i-PIN nayo iyanda, imisebenzi enzima ngakumbi ifuna amandla okwenziwa kwenkqubo eqinile, kodwa inomsebenzi otyebileyo webhasi.
(1) Iimfuneko zomsebenzi
I-MCU kwindawo ye-cabin ibona ubukhulu becala ulawulo lwamandla enkqubo, amandla okulawula ixesha, ulawulo lwenethiwekhi, ukuxilongwa, ukusebenzisana kwedatha yesithuthi, isitshixo, ulawulo lwe-backlight, ulawulo lwemodyuli ye-DSP / FM, ulawulo lwexesha lenkqubo kunye neminye imisebenzi.
Iimfuno zezibonelelo ze-MCU:
· I-frequency ephambili kunye namandla ekhompyutheni aneemfuno ezithile, i-frequency ephambili ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-100MHz kwaye amandla ekhompyutheni ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-200DMIPS;
· Indawo yogcino oludanyazayo ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-1MB, enekhowudi UFlash kunye nedatha Ukwahlula ngokwasemzimbeni kweFlash;
· I-RAM engekho ngaphantsi kwe-128KB;
· Iimfuno zomgangatho wokhuseleko ophezulu, zinokufikelela kwinqanaba le-ASIL-B;
· Ukuxhasa amajelo amaninzi i-ADC;
· Ixhasa amajelo amaninzi e-CAN-FD;
· Ukulawulwa kwesithuthi kwiBanga le-AEC-Q100 iBakala1;
· Inkxaso yophuculo lwe-intanethi (OTA), inkxaso yeFlash ephindwe kabini;
· Inqanaba le-SHE/HSM-light and above information encryption injini iyafuneka ukuxhasa ukuqaliswa okukhuselekileyo;
Ubalo lwePin alukho ngaphantsi kwe-100PIN;
(2) Iimfuno zokusebenza
IO ixhasa unikezelo lwamandla ombane obanzi (5.5v~2.7v), izibuko le-IO lixhasa ukusetyenziswa kombane ogqithisileyo;
Uninzi lwamagalelo omqondiso luyaguquguquka ngokwevoltage yebhetri yonikezelo lwamandla, kwaye i-overvoltage inokwenzeka. Ukugqithisa kunokuphucula ukuzinza kwenkqubo kunye nokuthembeka.
Ubomi benkumbulo:
Umjikelo wobomi bemoto uneminyaka engaphezu kwe-10, ngoko ke ukugcinwa kweprogram ye-MCU yemoto kunye nokugcinwa kwedatha kufuneka ibe nobomi obude. Ukugcinwa kwenkqubo kunye nokugcinwa kwedatha kufuneka kube nezahlulo zomzimba ezihlukeneyo, kwaye ukugcinwa kweprogram kufuneka kucinywe amaxesha amancinci, ngoko Ukunyamezela> 10K, ngelixa ukugcinwa kwedatha kufuneka kucinywe rhoqo, ngoko kufuneka kube nenani elikhulu lamaxesha okucima. . Jonga kwisalathiso seflash yedatha Ukunyamezela>100K, iminyaka eyi-15 (<1K). Iminyaka eyi-10 (<100K).
Unxibelelwano lwebhasi yonxibelelwano;
Umthwalo wonxibelelwano lwebhasi kwisithuthi uya unyuka kwaye uphezulu, ngoko ke i-CAN yendabuko ayinakukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zonxibelelwano, imfuno yebhasi ye-CAN-FD enesantya esiphezulu iya phezulu kwaye iphezulu, ukuxhasa i-CAN-FD ngokuthe ngcembe ibe ngumgangatho we-MCU. .
(3) Ipateni yoshishino
Okwangoku, umlinganiselo we-MCU ye-smart cabin yasekhaya usephantsi kakhulu, kwaye abaxhasi abakhulu baseNXP, Renesas, Infineon, ST, Microchip kunye nabanye abavelisi be-MCU bamazwe ngamazwe. Inani labavelisi be-MCU basekhaya sele bekwi-layout, ukusebenza kwemarike kuhlala kubonakala.
(4) Imiqobo yoshishino
Inqanaba lolawulo lwemoto yekhabhinethi ekrelekrele kunye nenqanaba lokhuseleko olusebenzayo alikho phezulu kakhulu, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuqokelelwa kokwazi, kunye nesidingo sokuphindaphindwa kwemveliso kunye nokuphucula. Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yokuba akukho mininzi imigca yemveliso ye-MCU kwiilaphu zasekhaya, inkqubo isemva ngokwentelekiso, kwaye ithatha ixesha elithile ukufezekisa ikhonkco lonikezelo lwemveliso yesizwe, kwaye kunokubakho iindleko eziphezulu, kunye noxinzelelo lokhuphiswano kunye. abavelisi bamazwe ngamazwe mkhulu.
Ukusetyenziswa kwetshiphu yolawulo lwasekhaya
Iitshiphusi zolawulo lwemoto zisekelwe ikakhulu kwiMCU yemoto, amashishini aphambili asekhaya anjengeZiguang Guowei, iHuada Semiconductor, iShanghai Xinti, iZhaoyi Innovation, iJiefa Technology, iXinchi Technology, iBeijing Junzheng, iShenzhen Xihua, iShanghai Qipuwei, iTekhnoloji yeSizwe, njl. Ulandelelwano lweemveliso ze-MCU zomgangatho wemoto, umgangatho weemveliso ezinkulu zaphesheya kweelwandle, okwangoku zisekwe kuyilo lwe-ARM. Amanye amashishini aqhube uphando kunye nophuhliso lwe-RISC-V ye-architecture.
Okwangoku, i-chip ye-domain yolawulo lwemoto yasekhaya isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimarike yokulayisha ngaphambili yemoto, kwaye isetyenziswe kwimoto kwisizinda somzimba kunye nesizinda se-infotainment, ngelixa kwi-chassis, isizinda samandla kunye namanye amasimi, isalawulwa. Iingxilimbela zetshiphu zaphesheya kwezilwandle ezifana ne-stmicroelectronics, i-NXP, i-Texas Instruments, kunye ne-Microchip Semiconductor, kwaye ngamashishini ambalwa asekhaya kuphela afezekise izicelo zemveliso yobuninzi. Okwangoku, umenzi wetshiphu yasekhaya iChipchi uya kukhupha iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu we-chip E3 ezisekwe kwi-ARM Cortex-R5F ngo-Epreli ka-2022, kunye nenqanaba lokhuseleko elisebenzayo lifikelela kwi-ASIL D, inqanaba lobushushu elixhasa i-AEC-Q100 iBanga loku-1, i-CPU frequency ukuya kuthi ga kwi-800MHz. , ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6 CPU cores. Yeyona mveliso iphezulu yokusebenza kwi-MCU ekhoyo yemveliso yemoto ye-mass gauge, igcwalisa isithuba kwimarike ye-MCU yokhuseleko lwasekhaya oluphezulu, olunomgangatho ophezulu wokusebenza kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu, lunokusetyenziswa kwi-BMS, i-ADAS, i-VCU, ngo. -I-chassis yocingo, isixhobo, i-HUD, isibuko sokujonga ngasemva esikrelekrele kunye nezinye iindawo ezingundoqo zokulawula isithuthi. Bangaphezu kwe-100 abathengi abamkele i-E3 yoyilo lwemveliso, kubandakanya i-GAC, iGeely, njl.
Ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso eziphambili zomlawuli wasekhaya
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-19-2023
