“Umlindi wenqwelomoya oneminyaka engama-23 ubudala wase-China Southern Airlines wabanjwa ngumbane ngelixa wayethetha kwi-iPhone5 yakhe ngelixa yayitshaja”, ezi ndaba zitsale umdla kwi-intanethi. Ingaba iitshaja zingabeka ubomi emngciphekweni? Iingcali zihlalutya ukuvuza kwe-transformer ngaphakathi kwetshaja yefowuni ephathwayo, i-220VAC itshintsha ukuvuza kwangoku ukuya ekupheleni kwe-DC, kunye nomgca wedatha ukuya kwiqokobhe lensimbi yefowuni ephathwayo, kwaye ekugqibeleni ikhokelele kwi-electrocution, ukwenzeka kwentlekele engenakulungiseka.
Ke kutheni imveliso yetshaja yefowuni ephathwayo iza ne-220V AC? Yintoni esifanele sinikele ingqalelo kuyo ekukhetheni unikezelo lwamandla odwa? Ukwahlula njani phakathi konikezelo lwamandla odwa kunye nolungawodwa? Imbono eqhelekileyo kushishino yile:
1. Ubonelelo lwamandla lwalodwa: Akukho xhulumaniso oluthe ngqo lombane phakathi kwe-loop yokufaka kunye ne-output loop yonikezelo lwamandla, kwaye igalelo kunye nemveliso zikwimeko echasene ne-insulated high-resistance ngaphandle kwe-loop yangoku, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1:
2, unikezelo lwamandla olungabodwa:kukho i-loop yangoku ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kwegalelo kunye nemveliso, umzekelo, igalelo kunye nemveliso ziqhelekileyo. Isekethe ye-flyback ezimeleyo kunye nesekethe ye-BUCK engekho yodwa ithathwa njengemizekelo, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2.Umfanekiso 1 Umbane ozimeleyo kunye ne-transformer.
1.Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo zobonelelo lwamandla olulodwa kunye nonikezelo lwamandla olungabodwa
Ngokwezi ngcamango zingasentla, kwi-topology yonikezelo lwamandla aqhelekileyo, unikezelo lwamandla olungabodwa lubandakanya i-Buck, i-Boost, i-buck-boost, njl njl. ezinye ii-topology ezineziguquli zodwa.
Idityaniswe nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ezizimeleyo nezingekho zodwa, sinokufumana intuitively ezinye zezinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo, iingenelo kunye nokungalungi kwezi zimbini ziphantse zichasane.
Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zombane ezizimeleyo okanye ezidityanisiweyo, kuyafuneka ukuba uqonde ukuba eyona projekthi ifuna ukubonelelwa ngombane, kodwa ngaphambi koko, unokuqonda umahluko omkhulu phakathi konikezelo lwamandla odwa kunye nolunye:
① Imodyuli yokuzahlula inokuthembeka okuphezulu, kodwa ixabiso eliphezulu kunye nokusebenza okuphantsi.
②Ubume bemodyuli engekho yodwa ilula kakhulu, ixabiso eliphantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokusebenza kakubi kokhuseleko.
Ke ngoko, kwezi zihlandlo zilandelayo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe umbane ozimeleyo:
① Ukubandakanya iimeko zokothuso zombane ezinokwenzeka, ezinjengokuthatha umbane ukusuka kwigridi ukuya kumathuba ombane ophantsi we-DC, kufuneka kusetyenziswe umbane okwadwa we-AC-DC;
② Ibhasi yonxibelelwano lwe-serial ihambisa idatha ngothungelwano olubonakalayo olufana ne-RS-232, RS-485 kunye nomlawuli wenethiwekhi yendawo (CAN). Nganye kwezi nkqubo ziqhagamshelweyo ixhotyiswe ngamandla ayo, kwaye umgama phakathi kweenkqubo udla ngokuba kude. Ke ngoko, sidla ngokufuna ukwahlula unikezelo lwamandla lokuhlukaniswa kombane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lomzimba lwenkqubo. Ngokuzihlukanisa kunye nokusika i-loop yokumisa, inkqubo ikhuselwe kwimpembelelo ye-voltage ephezulu yexeshana kunye nokuphazamiseka komqondiso kuyancipha.
③ Kumazibuko e-I/O angaphandle, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwenkqubo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kubekelwe bucala unikezelo lwamandla ezibuko ze-I/O.
Itheyibhile eshwankathelweyo iboniswe kwiThebhile 1, kwaye izibonelelo kunye nokungalunganga kwezi zimbini ziphantse zichasene.
Uluhlu loku-1 Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo zombane ezizimeleyo nezingawodwanga
I-2, Ukhetho lwamandla ahlukeneyo kunye namandla angeyodwa
Ngokuqonda iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga konikezelo lwamandla oluzimeleyo kunye nolungahlukanisiweyo, nganye ineengenelo zayo, kwaye siye sakwazi ukwenza izigwebo ezichanekileyo malunga nolunye ukhetho oludibeneyo lokubonelela ngombane:
① Unikezelo lwamandla lwenkqubo lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuphucula ukusebenza kokuchasana nokuphazamiseka kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka.
② Ukunikezelwa kwamandla e-IC okanye inxalenye yesekethe kwibhodi yesekethe, ukuqala kwindleko-esebenzayo kunye nomthamo, ukusetyenziswa okukhethekileyo kwezicwangciso ezingezizo zodwa.
③ Kwiimfuno zokhuseleko zokhuseleko, ukuba ufuna ukuqhagamshela i-AC-DC yoMbane kaMasipala, okanye unikezelo lombane losetyenziso lwezonyango, ukuze uqinisekise ukhuseleko lomntu, kufuneka usebenzise unikezelo lombane. Kwezinye iimeko, kuya kufuneka usebenzise unikezelo lwamandla ukomeleza ukubekwa wedwa.
④ Kubonelelo lwamandla kunxibelelwano lwemizi-mveliso olukude, ukuze kuncitshiswe ngempumelelo ifuthe leyantlukwano ngokwejografi kunye nokuphazamiseka kokudityaniswa kocingo, lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukunika amandla umbane kwindawo nganye yonxibelelwano yodwa.
⑤ Ukusetyenziswa kombane webhetri, unikezelo lwamandla olungahlukaniswanga lusetyenziselwa ubomi bebhetri obungqongqo.
Ngokuqonda iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga kokuzihlukanisa kunye namandla angenawo ukuzimela, banenzuzo yabo. Kuyilo oluthile olusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo olufakelweyo lonikezelo lwamandla, sinokushwankathela amaxesha esiwakhethileyo.
1.Iunikezelo lwamandla e-solation
Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwe-anti-interference kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka, ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa i-isolation.
Kwiimfuno zokhuseleko zokhuseleko, ukuba ufuna ukuqhagamshela kwi-AC-DC yoMbane kaMasipala, okanye unikezelo lombane losetyenziso lwezonyango, kunye nezixhobo ezimhlophe, ukuze uqinisekise ukhuseleko lomntu, kufuneka usebenzise umbane, ezifana ne-MPS MP020, yengxelo yokuqala ye-AC-DC, ilungele izicelo ze-1 ~ 10W;
Unikezelo lwamandla onxibelelwano lwemizi-mveliso olukude, ukuze kuncitshiswe ngempumelelo iimpembelelo zomahluko wejografi kunye nokuphazamiseka kokudibanisa ucingo, ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziselwa unikezelo lwamandla olwahlukileyo ukunika amandla indawo nganye yonxibelelwano yodwa.
2. Unikezelo lwamandla olungelolwa lodwa
I-IC okanye isiphaluka esithile kwibhodi yesekethe inikwe amandla ngumlinganiselo wexabiso kunye nomthamo, kwaye isisombululo sokungakhethi sikhethwa; njenge MPS MP150/157/MP174 uthotho buck non-wedwa AC-DC, ilungele 1 ~ 5W;
Kwimeko yombane osebenzayo ongaphantsi kwe-36V, ibhetri isetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngombane, kwaye kukho iimfuno ezingqongqo zokunyamezela, kwaye unikezelo lwamandla olungelolwa lodwa luyakhethwa, njengeMP2451/MPQ2451 yeMPS.
Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo zamandla okubekwa wodwa kunye nonikezelo lwamandla olungelo lodwa
Ngokuqonda iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga kokuzibekela bucala kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla okungekho bodwa, banezibonelelo zabo. Kolunye ukhetho lonikezelo lombane olusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, sinokulandela le miqathango yomgwebo ilandelayo:
Ngeemfuno zokhuseleko, ukuba ufuna ukuqhagamshela kwi-AC-DC yoMbane kaMasipala, okanye unikezelo lombane lwezonyango, ukuze uqinisekise ukhuseleko lomntu, kufuneka usebenzise umbane, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka usetyenziswe ukwandisa unikezelo lwamandla odwa.
Ngokubanzi, iimfuno zombane wokwahlula amandla emodyuli azikho phezulu kakhulu, kodwa amandla ombane aphezulu angaqinisekisa ukuba umbane wemodyuli unokuvuza okuncinci okwangoku, ukhuseleko oluphezulu kunye nokuthembeka, kunye neempawu ze-EMC zingcono. Ke ngoko Inqanaba lamandla ombane wokuhlukanisa ngokubanzi lingaphezulu kwe-1500VDC.
3, izilumkiso zokhetho lwemodyuli yamandla odwa
Ukumelana nokwahlukaniswa konikezelo lwamandla kukwabizwa ngokuba namandla okuchasana nombane kumgangatho wesizwe we-GB-4943. Lo mgangatho we-GB-4943 yimigangatho yokhuseleko lwezixhobo zolwazi esihlala sisithi, ukuthintela abantu ukuba babe yimigangatho yelizwe kunye nombane, kubandakanywa nokuphepha ukuphepha Abantu bonakaliswe ngumonakalo wokutshatyalaliswa kombane, umonakalo womzimba, ukuqhuma. Njengoko kuboniswe ngezantsi, umzobo wesakhiwo sonikezelo lwamandla odwa.
Umzobo wesakhiwo samandla odwa
Njengesalathisi esibalulekileyo samandla emodyuli, umgangatho wokuzihlukanisa kunye noxinzelelo-ukumelana nokuvavanya indlela yokuvavanya nayo ichazwe kumgangatho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uvavanyo olulinganayo lokuxhamla lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngexesha lovavanyo olulula. Umzobo woqhagamshelo lwesicwangciso ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Umzobo obalulekileyo wokumelana nokuzimela
Iindlela zoVavanyo:
Cwangcisa i-voltage ye-voltage yokumelana nexabiso elichaziweyo lokumelana ne-voltage, okwangoku isetyenziswe njengexabiso elichaziweyo lokuvuza, kwaye ixesha libekwe kwixabiso lexesha lokuvavanya elichaziweyo;
Iimitha zoxinzelelo olusebenzayo ziqala ukuvavanywa kwaye ziqale ukucinezela. Ngexesha lovavanyo olumiselweyo, imodyuli kufuneka ingacolwanga kwaye ingabinafly arc.
Qaphela ukuba imodyuli yamandla e-welding kufuneka ikhethwe ngexesha lokuvavanya ukuphepha i-welding ephindaphindiweyo kwaye yonakalise imodyuli yamandla.
Ukongeza, nikela ingqalelo:
1. Nika ingqalelo nokuba yi-AC-DC okanye yi-DC-DC.
2. Ukwahlukaniswa kwemodyuli yamandla yodwa. Umzekelo, ingaba i-1000V DC iyahlangabezana neemfuno zokugquma.
3. Ingaba imodyuli yamandla odwa inovavanyo olubanzi lokuthembeka. Imodyuli yamandla kufuneka yenziwe ngovavanyo lokusebenza, uvavanyo lonyamezelo, iimeko ezidlulayo, uvavanyo lokuthembeka, uvavanyo lokuhambelana nombane we-EMC, uvavanyo oluphezulu noluphantsi lobushushu, uvavanyo olugqithisileyo, uvavanyo lobomi, uvavanyo lokhuseleko, njl.
4. Ingaba umgca wemveliso wemodyuli yamandla eyedwa usemgangathweni. Umgca wokuvelisa imodyuli yamandla kufuneka udlule inani lezatifikethi zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana ne-ISO9001, ISO14001, OHSAS18001, njl., njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3 ngezantsi.
Umzobo 3 isiqinisekiso se-ISO
5. Ingaba imodyuli yamandla okuzihlukanisa isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinzima ezifana neshishini kunye neemoto. Imodyuli yamandla ayisetyenziswanga kuphela kwindawo enzima yoshishino, kodwa nakwinkqubo yokulawula i-BMS yezithuthi zamandla amatsha.
4,TUkubona amandla okuzahlula kunye namandla angengawo wodwa
Okokuqala, ukungaqondi kakuhle kuyachazwa: Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba amandla angengawodwa akalunganga njengamandla okubekwa wodwa, kuba unikezelo lwamandla lwalodwa luyabiza, ngoko ke kufuneka lubize kakhulu.
Kutheni le nto kungcono ukusebenzisa amandla okuzahlula kunokungazahluli kwimbono yomntu wonke ngoku? Enyanisweni, le ngcamango kukuhlala kwingcamango kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Ngenxa yokuba ukuzinza okungekho kubekwa wedwa kwiminyaka edlulileyo akunakwahlulwa kunye nozinzo, kodwa ngohlaziyo lwetekhnoloji ye-R & D, ukungabekelwa bucala ngoku kukhule kakhulu kwaye kuya kuzinza ngakumbi. Ukuthetha ngokhuseleko, enyanisweni, amandla angengawodwa nawo akhuselekile kakhulu. Logama nje ulwakhiwo lutshintshwa kancinci, lukhuselekile kumzimba womntu. Eso sizathu sinye, amandla angengawodwa angadlula imigangatho emininzi yokhuseleko, efana ne: Ultuvsaace.
Enyanisweni, oyena nobangela womonakalo kunikezelo lwamandla angengawodwa lubangelwa kukunyuka kwamandla ombane kwiziphelo zombini zombane we-AC. Kwakhona kunokutshiwo ukuba iliza lombane liyanyuka. Lo mbane uphezulu ngoko nangoko kuzo zozibini iziphelo zombane wombane we-AC, ngamanye amaxesha uphakame ukuya kutsho kumawaka amathathu eevolthi. Kodwa ixesha lifutshane kakhulu kwaye amandla anamandla kakhulu. Kuya kwenzeka xa kuduma, okanye kumgca we-AC ofanayo, xa umthwalo omkhulu unqanyuliwe, kuba inertia yangoku iya kwenzeka kwakhona. Isekethe ye-BUCK yodwa iya kuhambisa ngokukhawuleza kwimveliso, yonakalise indandatho yokukhangela ekhoyo ngoku, okanye yonakalise ngakumbi i-chip, ibangele ukuba i-300V idlule, kwaye itshise isibane sonke. Ukubonelela ngombane ochasene nobundlobongela, iMOS iya konakaliswa. Isenzeko kukugcina, itshiphu, kunye neetyhubhu zeMOS ziyatshiswa. Ngoku unikezelo lwamandla oluqhutywa yi-LED lubi ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, kwaye ngaphezu kwe-80% zizinto ezimbini ezifanayo. Ngaphezu koko, umbane omncinci wokutshintsha, nokuba iadaptha yamandla, ihlala yonakaliswa yile nto, ebangelwa ngumbane wamaza, kwaye kumbane we-LED, ixhaphake ngakumbi. Oku kungenxa yokuba iimpawu zomthwalo we-LED zoyika ngokukodwa amaza. Umbane.
Ngokutsho kwethiyori jikelele, amacandelo angaphantsi kwisekethe ye-elektroniki, aphezulu ukuthembeka, kwaye asezantsi ukuthembeka kwebhodi yesekethe yecandelo. Ngapha koko, iisekethe ezingezizo zodwa zingaphantsi kweesekethe ezizimeleyo. Kutheni ukuthembeka kwesekethe yokwahlula kuphezulu? Enyanisweni, akusiyo ukuthembeka, kodwa i-non-isolation circuit inomdla kakhulu kwi-surgery, isakhono esibi sokuthintela, kunye nesiphaluka sokuzihlukanisa, kuba amandla angena kwi-transformer kuqala, aze ayithuthe kumthwalo we-LED ukusuka kwi-transformer. I-buck circuit iyingxenye yegalelo lombane wokufakelwa ngokuthe ngqo kumthwalo we-LED. Ngoko ke, lowo wangaphambili unethuba elinamandla lomonakalo kwisantya sokunyanzeliswa kunye nokunciphisa, ngoko ke kuncinci. Enyanisweni, ingxaki yokungazahluli ibangelwa ikakhulu yingxaki yotyando. Okwangoku, le ngxaki kukuba kuphela izibane ze-LED zingabonwa ukusuka kwithuba lokuba banokubonwa ukusuka kwithuba. Ngoko ke, abantu abaninzi abakhange bacebise indlela efanelekileyo yokuthintela. Abantu abaninzi abazi ukuba yintoni i-voltage yamaza, abantu abaninzi. Izibane ze-LED ziphukile, kwaye isizathu asinakufunyanwa. Ekugqibeleni, kukho isivakalisi esinye kuphela. Yintoni olu nikezelo lwamandla aluzinzanga kwaye luya kulungiswa. Uphi na ongazinzanga, akazi.
Unikezelo lwamandla olungahlukanisiyo lusebenza kakuhle, kwaye okwesibini kukuba iindleko ziluncedo ngakumbi.
Amandla angengawodwa afanelekile kwizihlandlo: Okokuqala, zizibane zangaphakathi. Lo mmandla wombane wangaphakathi ungcono kwaye impembelelo yamaza incinci. Okwesibini, ithuba lokusetyenziswa lincinci -i-voltage kunye nencinci yangoku. Ukungahlukanisi akunantsingiselo kwi-low-voltage currents, kuba ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-low-voltage kunye ne-currents enkulu ayikho ngaphezu kokuzihlukanisa, kwaye iindleko zingaphantsi kakhulu. Okwesithathu, unikezelo lwamandla olungahlukanisiyo lusetyenziswa kwindawo ezinzileyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuba kukho indlela yokusombulula ingxaki yokucinezela ukunyuka, uluhlu lwesicelo samandla angengawodwa uya kwandiswa kakhulu!
Ngenxa yengxaki yamaza, izinga lomonakalo akufanele lithathwe ngaphantsi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uhlobo lwembuyekezo elungisiweyo, i-inshurensi eyonakalisayo, i-chip, kunye neyokuqala ye-MOS kufuneka icinge ngengxaki yamaza. Ukuze kuncitshiswe izinga lomonakalo, kuyafuneka ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo imiba yotyando xa uyilwa, okanye uyeke abasebenzisi xa isetyenziswa, kwaye uzame ukunqanda utyando. (Ezifana nezibane zangaphakathi, zicime okwangoku xa usilwa)
Isishwankathelo, ukusetyenziswa kokwahlula kunye nokungakhethi ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yengxaki yokunyuka kwamaza, kwaye ingxaki yamaza kunye nokusingqongileyo kombane kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo. Ke ngoko, amaxesha amaninzi ukusetyenziswa kwamandla odwa kunye nonikezelo lwamandla olungelo lodwa alukwazi ukunqunyulwa nganye nganye. Iindleko zinenzuzo kakhulu, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuba ukhethe ukungahlali yedwa okanye ukwahlula njenge-LED -drive power supply.
5. Isishwankathelo
Eli nqaku lazisa umahluko phakathi kwamandla okuzihlukanisa kunye nokungakhethi, kunye neenzuzo zabo kunye nokungalunganga, amaxesha okuziqhelanisa, kunye nokukhethwa kokukhethwa kwamandla okuzihlukanisa. Ndiyathemba ukuba iinjineli zinokusebenzisa oku njengesalathiso kuyilo lwemveliso. Kwaye emva kokuba imveliso ingaphumeleli, khawuleza ubeke ingxaki.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-08-2023
