Isithuthi samafutha esintu sidinga malunga nama-500 ukuya kuma-600 iitshiphusi, kwaye malunga ne-1,000 yeemoto ezixutywe ukukhanya, i-plug-in hybrids kunye nezithuthi zombane ezicocekileyo zifuna ubuncinane iitshiphusi ezingama-2,000.
Oku kuthetha ukuba kwinkqubo yophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezithuthi zombane ezihlakaniphileyo, ayisiyiyo kuphela imfuno yeetshiphusi zenkqubo eqhubekileyo iqhubekile nokukhula, kodwa nemfuno yeetshiphusi zemveli iya kuqhubeka isanda. Le yiMCU. Ukongeza kokunyuka kwenani leebhayisikili, umlawuli wesizinda naye uzisa imfuno entsha yokhuseleko oluphezulu, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, kunye namandla aphezulu ekhompyutheni ye-MCU.
I-MCU, i-MicroController Unit, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-single-chip microcomputer/microcontroller/single-chip microcomputer, idibanisa i-CPU, imemori, kunye nemisebenzi ye-peripheral kwi-chip eyodwa ukwenza i-chip -level computer kunye nomsebenzi wokulawula. Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukuphumeza ukusetyenzwa kwemiqondiso kunye nolawulo. Undoqo wenkqubo yolawulo olukrelekrele.
Ii-MCU kunye ne-automotive electronics, i-industry, iikhomputha kunye nothungelwano, i-electronics yabathengi, izixhobo zasekhaya kunye ne-Intanethi yeZinto zihlobene ngokusondeleyo kubomi bethu. I-Car Electronics yeyona marike inkulu kumbane weemoto, kwaye ii-elektroni zemoto zenza i-33% kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ubume be-MCU
I-MCU iqulunqwe kakhulu yi-CPU yeprosesa ephakathi, imemori (i-ROM kunye ne-RAM), igalelo kunye ne-interface ye-I / O ye-interface, i-serial port, counter, njl.
ICPU: IYunithi yoPhando olusembindini, iprosesa esembindini, yeyona nto iphambili ngaphakathi kwe-MCU. Amacandelo ecandelo angagqibezela i-data arithmetic logic operation, bit variable processing, kunye nokusebenza kothumelo lwedatha. Amacandelo olawulo alungelelanisa umsebenzi ngokuhambelana nexesha elithile ngokulandelelana ukuhlalutya kunye nokwenza imiyalelo.
i-ROM: Inkumbulo yokufunda kuphela yinkumbulo yenkqubo esetyenziswa ukugcina iinkqubo ezibhalwe ngabavelisi. Ulwazi lufundwa ngendlela engonakalisi. Undoqo
i-ram: Imemori yoFikelelo eRandom, yinkumbulo yedatha etshintsha ngokuthe ngqo idatha kunye ne-CPU, kwaye idatha ayinakugcinwa emva kokuba amandla elahlekile. Inkqubo inokubhalwa kwaye ifundwe nangaliphi na ixesha xa isebenza, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengendawo yokugcina idatha yesikhashana kwiinkqubo zokusebenza okanye ezinye iinkqubo ezisebenzayo.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-CPU kunye ne-MCU:
I-CPU ngundoqo wolawulo lokusebenza. Ukongeza kwi-CPU, i-MCU ikwane-ROM okanye i-RAM, eyi-chip -level chip. Eziqhelekileyo zi-SOC (i-System On Chip), ezibizwa ngokuba yi-chips ye-system -level enokugcina kwaye iqhube inkqubo -ikhowudi yenqanaba, iqhube i-QNX, i-Linux kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokusebenza, kuquka iiyunithi ezininzi zeprosesa (CPU + GPU + DSP + NPU + yokugcina +iyunithi yojongano).
Amanani e-MCU
Inani libhekisa kububanzi be-MCU nganye yokusetyenzwa kwedatha. Okukhona liphezulu inani lamadijithi, kokukhona amandla okusebenza kwedatha ye-MCU yomelele. Okwangoku, eyona nto ibalulekileyo yi-8, 16, kunye nama-32 amadijithi, apho i-32 bits ibala kakhulu kwaye ikhula ngokukhawuleza.
Kwizicelo ze-elektroniki zemoto, iindleko ze-8-bit MCU ziphantsi kwaye kulula ukuphuhlisa. Okwangoku, isetyenziswa kakhulu kulawulo olulula, olunjengokukhanyisa, amanzi emvula, iifestile, izihlalo neengcango. Nangona kunjalo, kwimiba entsonkothileyo, njengokuboniswa kwesixhobo, iinkqubo zolwazi lokuzonwabisa kwizithuthi, iinkqubo zolawulo lwamandla, itshisi, iinkqubo zokunceda ukuqhuba, njl. njl., ubukhulu becala i-32-bit, kunye nenguquko yombane wemoto, ubukrelekrele, kunye nothungelwano, Amandla ekhompyuter. Iimfuno ze-MCU nazo ziya ziphezulu nangaphezulu.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwemoto ye-MCU
Ngaphambi kokuba umthengisi we-MCU angene kwinkqubo yokubonelela nge-OEM, ngokuqhelekileyo kuyimfuneko ukugqiba iziqinisekiso ezintathu eziphambili: isigaba soyilo kufuneka silandele umgangatho wokhuseleko osebenzayo we-ISO 26262, ukuhamba kunye nenqanaba lokupakisha kufuneka lilandele i-AEC-Q001 ~ 004 kunye ne-IATF16949, njengoko kunye nangexesha lenqanaba lovavanyo lwesatifikethi Landela i-AEC-Q100/Q104.
Phakathi kwabo, i-ISO 26262 ichaza amanqanaba amane okhuseleko lwe-ASIL, ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu, A, B, C, kunye no-D; I-AEC-Q100 yahlulwe yangamanqanaba amane okuthembeka, ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu, 3, 2, 1, kunye no-0, ngokulandelanayo, 3, 2, 1, kunye ne-0 Essence Isatifikethi se-AEC-Q100 sithatha iminyaka eyi-1-2, ngelixa Isiqinisekiso se-ISO 26262 sinzima ngakumbi kwaye umjikelo ude.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-MCU kwishishini lezithuthi zombane ezikrelekrele
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-MCU kushishino lweemoto kubanzi kakhulu. Umzekelo, itafile engaphambili sisicelo esivela kwizincedisi zomzimba, iisistim zamandla, i-chassis, ulwazi lwemoto, kunye nokuqhuba ngobukrelekrele. Ngokufika kwexesha leemoto zombane ezikrelekrele, imfuno yabantu yeemveliso ze-MCU iya kuba namandla ngakumbi.
Ukwenziwa koMbane:
1. Inkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri yeBMS: I-BMS idinga ukulawula intlawulo kunye nokukhutshwa, ubushushu, kunye nokulinganisa ibhetri. Ibhodi yolawulo ephambili ifuna i-MCU, kwaye ikhonsoli nganye yekhoboka nayo ifuna i-MCU enye;
2.Umlawuli wemoto VCU: Ulawulo lwamandla ezithuthi zombane kufuneka lwandise umlawuli wesithuthi, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo lixhotyiswe nge-32 -bit high-end MCUs, ezihluke kwizicwangciso zefektri nganye;
3.Umlawuli we-injini/umlawuli webhokisi yegiya: ukutshintshwa kwesitokhwe, ulawulo lwe-inverter yemoto yombane ye-MCU enye i-oyile yokulawula injini yemoto. Ngenxa yesantya esiphezulu semoto, isinciphisi kufuneka sithotywe. Isilawuli sebhokisi yegiya.
Ubukrelekrele:
1. Okwangoku, imarike yeemoto zasekhaya isekwinqanaba le-L2 lokungena ngesantya esiphezulu. Ukusuka kwiindleko ezibanzi kunye nokuqwalaselwa kokusebenza, i-OEM yonyusa umsebenzi we-ADAS usamkela i-architecture esasaziweyo. Ngokunyuka kwezinga lokulayisha, i-MCU ye-sensor information processing nayo iyanda ngokufanelekileyo.
2. Ngenxa yokwanda kwenani lemisebenzi ye-cockpit, indima ye-chips yamandla amatsha aphezulu iba ngakumbi kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye i-MCU ehambelana nayo iyancipha.
Ubugcisa
I-MCU ngokwayo ineemfuno eziphambili zamandla e-computing kwaye ayinayo imfuneko eziphezulu zeenkqubo eziphambili. Kwangaxeshanye, ukugcinwa kwayo eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi ngokwayo ikwanciphisa ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo ye-MCU. Sebenzisa inkqubo ye-28nm ngeemveliso ze-MCU. Inkcazo yemigaqo yesithuthi ubukhulu becala ngama-wafers angama-8 intshi. Abanye abavelisi, ngakumbi i-IDM, baye baqala ukutshintshwa kwi-platform ye-intshi ye-12.
Iinkqubo zangoku ze-28nm kunye ne-40nm zezona ziphambili kwimarike.
Amashishini aqhelekileyo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe
Xa kuthelekiswa nokusetyenziswa kunye ne-industrial-grade MCUs, i-MCU yezinga lemoto ineemfuno eziphezulu ngokubhekiselele kwindawo yokusebenza, ukuthembeka kunye nomjikelezo wokubonelela. Ukongeza Kunzima ukungena, ngoko ke ubume bemarike ye-MCU bugxininiswe ngokubanzi. Ngo-2021, iinkampani ezintlanu eziphezulu ze-MCU emhlabeni zibalelwa kwi-82%.
Okwangoku, i-MCU yenqanaba lemoto yelizwe lam isekwixesha lokuziswa, kwaye ikhonkco lobonelelo linamandla amakhulu okutshintsha umhlaba kunye nekhaya.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-08-2023
