1. Ukusebenza ngokubanzi
Kuyilo lwePCB, ukuze kwenziwe uyilo lwebhodi yesekethe ephezulu lube nengqiqo ngakumbi, ukusebenza ngcono kokuchasana nokuphazamiseka, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kule miba ilandelayo:
(1) Ukukhetha okunengqiqo kweeleyile Xa uhambisa iibhodi zesekethe eziphezulu-frequency kwi-PCB design, inqwelomoya yangaphakathi embindini isetyenziswa njengamandla kunye nomgangatho womhlaba, onokudlala indima yokukhusela, ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo i-parasitic inductance, ukunciphisa ubude be-parasitic inductance. imigca yomqondiso, kunye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka phakathi kwemiqondiso.
(2) Indlela yomzila Indlela yomzila kufuneka ihambelane ne-45 ° Ukujika kwe-Angle okanye ukujika kwe-arc, enokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komqondiso we-high-frequency kunye nokudibanisa.
(3) Ubude bekhebula Ukuba mfutshane ubude bentambo, kungcono. Umfutshane umgama ohambelanayo phakathi kweengcingo ezimbini, ngcono.
(4) Inani lokutyhutyha imingxuma Ukuba limbalwa inani lokuphumela kwimingxuma, kokukhona lingcono.
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(6) Ukugquma kobhedu okwandisiweyo kokugquma ubhedu kunokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka phakathi kwemiqondiso.
(7) Ukufakwa kwenkqubo ebalulekileyo yomgca wesignali, kunokuphucula kakhulu amandla okuchasana nokuphazamiseka komqondiso, ngokuqinisekileyo, kunokubandakanywa ukuqhutyelwa komthombo wokuphazamiseka, ukuze kungabi nakuphazamisana neminye imiqondiso.
(8)Iingcingo zomqondiso azihambisi miqondiso kwiilophu. Imiqondiso yendlela kwimowudi yetsheyini yeDaisy.
2. Iingcingo eziphambili
Ukubaluleka komgca wesiginali ephambili: isiginali ye-analog encinci, isiginali enesantya esiphezulu, isiginali yewotshi kunye nesignali yongqamaniso kunye nezinye iimpawu eziphambili zeingcingo
Umgaqo-siseko wokuqala woxinaniso: Qala i-wiring ukusuka kwezona nxibelelwano zinzima kakhulu ebhodini. Qalisa iingcingo ukusuka kweyona ndawo ixineneyo yebhodi
Amanqaku ekufuneka uwaqaphele:
A. Zama ukubonelela ngomaleko okhethekileyo wocingo kwiimpawu eziphambili ezifana neempawu zewotshi, imiqondiso ye-high-frequency kunye neempawu ezibuthathaka, kwaye uqinisekise indawo encinci ye-loop. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, iingcingo eziphambili ngokubaluleka, ukukhuselwa kunye nokwandiswa kwezithuba zokhuseleko kufuneka zamkelwe. Qinisekisa umgangatho wophawu.
b. Imekobume ye-EMC phakathi komgangatho wamandla kunye nomhlaba imbi, ngoko ke iimpawu ezinovakalelo kuphazamiseko kufuneka ziphetshwe.
c. Inethiwekhi eneemfuno zolawulo lwe-impedance kufuneka ifakwe intambo kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngokuhambelana nobude bomgca kunye neemfuno zobubanzi bomgca.
3, iingcingo zewotshi
Umgca wewotshi yenye yezinto ezinkulu ezichaphazela i-EMC. Yenza imingxuma embalwa kumgca wewotshi, kuphephe ukuhamba nezinye iilayini zemiqondiso kangangoko unako, kwaye uhlale kude kwimigca yemiqondiso ngokubanzi ukuphepha ukuphazamisana nemigca yophawu. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukunikezelwa kwamandla ebhodini kufuneka kugwenywe ukukhusela ukuphazamiseka phakathi kokunikezelwa kwamandla kunye newashi.
Ukuba kukho iwashi ekhethekileyo ebhodini, ayikwazi ukungena phantsi komgca, kufuneka ibekwe phantsi kobhedu, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ingaba yinto ekhethekileyo kumhlaba wayo. Kuninzi lwe-chip reference oscillator ye-crystal oscillator, ezi oscillator ze-crystal akufanele zibe phantsi komgca, ukubeka i-copper yodwa.
4. Umgca kwii-engile ezichanekileyo
Ikhewubhuli ye-engile ekunene iyafuneka ngokubanzi ukunqanda imeko yocingo lwe-PCB, kwaye sele iphantse yaba yenye yemigangatho yokulinganisa umgangatho wocingo, ngoko ke ingaba ingakanani impembelelo ye-right-angle cabling ekuhanjisweni komqondiso? Ngokomgaqo, indlela ye-angle-engile iya kubangela ukuba ububanzi bomgca wothutho butshintshe, okukhokelela ekunqanyulweni kwe-impedance. Ngapha koko, ayisiyiyo kuphela indlela ye-engile echanekileyo, i-Angle yetoni, indlela ye-Angle ebukhali inokubangela utshintsho lwe-impedance.
Impembelelo ye-engile ekunene kwindlela yomqondiso ibonakala ikakhulu kwimiba emithathu:
Okokuqala, ikona inokulingana nomthwalo we-capacitive kumgca wokuhambisa, ukunciphisa ixesha lokunyuka;
Okwesibini, ukungaqhubeki kwe-impedance kuya kubangela ukubonakaliswa komqondiso;
Okwesithathu, i-EMI eveliswe ngencam ye-Angle efanelekileyo.
5. IAngile eAcute
(1) Kumaza ombane aphezulu, xa indawo yokujika yocingo inika i-engile yasekunene okanye i-engile ebukhali, kufutshane nekona, ukuxinana kwemagnethi kunye nokuqina kwebala lombane kuphezulu kakhulu, kuya kuba ne-radiation eyomeleleyo ye-electromagnetic wave, kunye ne-inductance. apha iya kuba nkulu ngokwentelekiso, i-inductive iya kuba nkulu kune-Angle obtuse okanye i-Angle engqukuva.
(2) Kwi-wiring yebhasi yesekethe yedijithali, ikona ye-wiring i-obtuse okanye ijikelezwe, indawo yocingo incinci. Phantsi kwemeko yomgca wesithuba esifanayo, isithuba sisonke somgca sithatha ububanzi obuphindwe ngo-0.3 ngaphantsi kwe-engile ekunene.
6. Indlela eyahlukileyo
Cf. Iingcingo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuhambelana kwe-impedance
I-Differential Signal isetyenziswe ngokubanzi nangakumbi ekuyilweni kweesekethe zesantya esiphezulu, kuba iimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu kwiisekethe zihlala zisebenzisa isakhiwo esahlukileyo. Inkcazo: NgesiNgesi esilula, kuthetha ukuba umqhubi uthumela izibonakaliso ezimbini ezilinganayo, eziguqukayo, kwaye umamkeli unquma ukuba imeko enengqondo "0" okanye "1" ngokuthelekisa umahluko phakathi kwee-voltages ezimbini. Isibini esiphethe umqondiso wokwahlula sibizwa ngokuba yindlela eyahlukileyo.
Xa kuthelekiswa nomzila wesignali onesiphelo esiqhelekileyo, umqondiso wokwahlula unezona nzuzo zicacileyo kule miba mithathu ilandelayo:
a. Ubuchule obunamandla bokuchasana nokuphazamiseka, kuba ukudibanisa phakathi kweengcingo ezimbini ezihlukeneyo kuhle kakhulu, xa kukho ukuphazamiseka kwengxolo evela ngaphandle, kuphantse kudityaniswa kwimigca emibini ngaxeshanye, kwaye umamkeli ukhathalele kuphela umahluko phakathi Iimpawu ezimbini, ngoko ke ingxolo yemowudi eqhelekileyo evela ngaphandle inokurhoxiswa ngokupheleleyo.
b. inokuthintela ngempumelelo i-EMI. Ngokufanayo, ngenxa yokuba i-polarity yemiqondiso emibini ichasene, iindawo ze-electromagnetic ezisasazwa zizo zinokurhoxisa enye kwenye. Okukhona ukudibanisa ukusondela, kokukhona kuncipha amandla ombane wombane akhutshelwa kwihlabathi langaphandle.
c. Ukubeka ixesha elichanekileyo. Ekubeni utshintsho olutshintshayo lweempawu ezahlukeneyo lubekwe ekudibaneni kwemiqondiso emibini, ngokungafaniyo neempawu eziqhelekileyo eziphela ezixhomekeke kumbane ophakamileyo kunye nophantsi, impembelelo yetekhnoloji kunye nobushushu buncinci, obunokunciphisa iimpazamo ngexesha kwaye kuninzi. ezifanelekileyo kwiisekethe ezinemiqondiso ephantsi ye-amplitude. I-LVDS (i-low voltage differential signaling), ethandwayo ngoku, ibhekiselele kobu buchwephesha bokubonakaliswa kwe-amplitude encinci.
Kwiinjineli ze-PCB, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuqinisekisa ukuba iingenelo zokwahlula-hlula zingasetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwindlela eyiyo. Mhlawumbi nje ukuba unxibelelwano nabantu be-Layout baya kuqonda iimfuno eziqhelekileyo zomzila wokwahlula, oko kukuthi, "ubude obulinganayo, umgama olinganayo".
Ubude obulinganayo kukuqinisekisa ukuba izibonakaliso ezimbini ezihlukeneyo zigcina i-polarity echaseneyo ngamaxesha onke kunye nokunciphisa inxalenye yendlela eqhelekileyo. I-equidistance ubukhulu becala kukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuchasana kuyahambelana kwaye kuncitshiswe ukubonakaliswa. “Ngokukufutshane kangangoko” ngamanye amaxesha yimfuneko yolwahlulo lweendlela.
7. Umgca wenyoka
Umgca wenyoka luhlobo loYilo olusoloko lusetyenziswa kuyilo. Injongo yayo ephambili kukulungelelanisa ukulibaziseka kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo lwexesha lenkqubo. Into yokuqala abaqulunqi kufuneka bayiqonde kukuba iingcingo ezinjengeenyoka zinokutshabalalisa umgangatho wesignali kunye nokutshintsha ukulibaziseka kokuhanjiswa, kwaye kufuneka kugwenywe xa i-wiring. Nangona kunjalo, kuyilo lwangempela, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ixesha elaneleyo lokubamba izibonakaliso, okanye ukunciphisa ixesha lokunciphisa phakathi kweqela elifanayo leempawu, kudla ngokuyimfuneko ukuvuthwa ngamabomu.
Amanqaku ekufuneka uwaqaphele:
Izibini zemigca yophawu olwahlukileyo, imigca enxuseneyo ngokubanzi, kancinane kangangoko kunokwenzeka emngxunyeni, kufuneka ibethelwe ngenqindi, ibe yimigca emibini kunye, ukuze kuphunyezwe ukuthelekiseka kwe-impedance.
Iqela leebhasi ezineempawu ezifanayo kufuneka zihanjiswe ngapha nangapha kangangoko ukuphumeza ubude obulinganayo. Umngxuma okhokelela kwi-patch pad kude kakhulu kwi-pad kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-05-2023
