Iiprojekthi ezininzi zeenjineli ze-hardware zigqitywe kwibhodi yomngxuma, kodwa kukho into eyenzeka ngengozi yokudibanisa iitheminali ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zonikezelo lwamandla, nto leyo ekhokelela kwizinto ezininzi ze-elektroniki ezivuthayo, kwaye ibhodi yonke iyatshatyalaliswa, kwaye kufuneka idityaniswe kwakhona, andazi ukuba yeyiphi indlela efanelekileyo yokuyicombulula?
Okokuqala, ukungakhathali akunakuphepheka, nangona kuphela ukwahlula iingcingo ezimbini ezintle nezimbi, ezibomvu nezimnyama, zinokutsalwa kanye, asiyi kuzenza iimpazamo; Uqhagamshelo olulishumi aluyi kuhamba kakubi, kodwa i-1,000? Kuthekani nge-10,000? Ngeli xesha kunzima ukuthetha, ngenxa yokungakhathali kwethu, okukhokelela kumacandelo athile e-elektroniki kunye neetshiphusi zitshiswe, esona sizathu siphambili kukuba ngoku kakhulu amacandelo anozakuzaku aphulwe, ngoko ke kufuneka sithathe amanyathelo okuthintela uqhagamshelo reverse.
Kukho ezi ndlela zilandelayo zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo:
01 diode series uhlobo anti-reverse ukhuselo lwesekethe
I-diode yangaphambili idityaniswe kuluhlu kwigalelo lamandla afanelekileyo ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo iimpawu zediode zokuqhuba phambili kunye ne-reverse cutoff. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, ityhubhu yesibini iqhuba kwaye ibhodi yesiphaluka isebenza.
Xa ukunikezelwa kombane kuguqulwa, i-diode iyanqunyulwa, ukunikezelwa kwamandla akukwazi ukwenza i-loop, kwaye ibhodi yesiphaluka ayisebenzi, enokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ingxaki yombane.
02 Uhlobo lwebhulorho yokulungisa isiphaluka esichasene nokubuyela umva
Sebenzisa ibhulorho yokulungisa ukutshintsha igalelo lamandla kwigalelo elingeyo-polar, nokuba umbane uqhagamshelwe okanye uguqulwe, ibhodi isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo.
Ukuba i-silicon diode ine-pressure drop malunga ne-0.6 ~ 0.8V, i-germanium diode nayo ine-pressure drop malunga ne-0.2 ~ 0.4V, ukuba ukuhla koxinzelelo kukhulu kakhulu, ityhubhu ye-MOS ingasetyenziselwa unyango oluchasene ne-reaction, ukuhla koxinzelelo lwe-tube ye-MOS kuncinci kakhulu, ukuya kwi-milliohm ezimbalwa, kwaye i-pressure dropped iphantse i-neg.
I-03 ye-MOS ityhubhu ye-anti-reverse yokukhusela isiphaluka
ityhubhu ye-MOS ngenxa yokuphuculwa kwenkqubo, iipropati zayo kunye nezinye izinto, ukuchasana kwayo kwangaphakathi kuncinci, ezininzi zinezinga le-milliohm, okanye zincinci, ukuze i-voltage yesiphaluka ihla, ilahleko yamandla ebangelwa yi-circuit incinci kakhulu, okanye ingabonakali, ngoko khetha ityhubhu ye-MOS ukukhusela isiphaluka yindlela ekhuthazwayo ngakumbi.
1) Ukhuseleko lwe-NMOS
Njengoko kuboniswe ngezantsi: Ngomzuzu wokukhanya kwamandla, i-diode ye-parasitic ye-tube ye-MOS ivuliwe, kwaye inkqubo yenza i-loop. Amandla omthombo we-S malunga ne-0.6V, ngelixa amandla esango G yiVbat. Umbane wokuvula umbhobho we-MOS ugqithise kakhulu: Ugs = Vbat-Vs, isango liphezulu, i-ds ye-NMOS ivuliwe, i-diode ye-parasitic i-short-circuited, kwaye inkqubo yenza i-loop ngokufikelela kwi-ds ye-NMOS.
Ukuba unikezelo lwamandla luguqulwa, i-on-voltage ye-NMOS yi-0, i-NMOS iyanqunyulwa, i-diode ye-parasitic iguqulwa, kwaye isiphaluka sinqanyuliwe, ngaloo ndlela senza ukhuseleko.
2) Ukhuseleko lwe-PMOS
Njengoko kuboniswe ngezantsi: Ngomzuzu wokukhanya kwamandla, i-diode ye-parasitic ye-tube ye-MOS ivuliwe, kwaye inkqubo yenza i-loop. Ikhono lomthombo we-S limalunga ne-Vbat-0.6V, ngelixa amandla esango G ngu-0. Umbane wokuvula umbhobho we-MOS ugqithise kakhulu: Ugs = 0 - (Vbat-0.6), isango liziphatha njengezinga eliphantsi, i-ds ye-PMOS ivuliwe, i-diode ye-parasitic i-short-circuited, kwaye inkqubo yenza i-loop yokufikelela kwi-PMOS.
Ukuba unikezelo lwamandla luguqulwa, i-on-voltage ye-NMOS inkulu kune-0, i-PMOS iyanqunyulwa, i-diode ye-parasitic iguqulwa, kwaye isiphaluka sinqanyuliwe, ngaloo ndlela senza ukhuseleko.
Qaphela: Iityhubhu ze-NMOS umtya we-ds ukuya kwi-electrode engalunganga, iityhubhu ze-PMOS zentambo ze-ds ukuya kwi-electrode echanekileyo, kunye nolwalathiso lwe-parasitic diode lubhekiselele kwicala langoku eliqhagamshelwe ngokuchanekileyo.
Ukufikelela kwiipali ze-D kunye ne-S zetyhubhu ye-MOS: ngokuqhelekileyo xa kusetyenziswa ityhubhu ye-MOS ene-N channel, okwangoku ingena ngokubanzi kwi-D pole kwaye iphuma kwi-S pole, kwaye i-PMOS ingena kwaye i-D iphuma kwi-S pole, kwaye okuchaseneyo kuyinyani xa isetyenziswe kule sekethi, imeko ye-voltage ye-tube ye-MOS idibene ngokuqhutyelwa kwe-diode ye-parasitic.
Ityhubhu ye-MOS iya kutshintshwa ngokupheleleyo ukuba nje umbane ofanelekileyo usekwe phakathi kweepali ze-G kunye ne-S. Emva kokuqhuba, kufana nokutshintsha okuvaliweyo phakathi kwe-D kunye ne-S, kwaye yangoku ikukuchasana okufanayo ukusuka ku-D ukuya ku-S okanye ku-S ukuya ku-D.
Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, i-G pole idityaniswa ngokubanzi kunye ne-resistor, kwaye ukuze kuthintelwe ityhubhu ye-MOS ukuba ingaphulwa, idiode yokulawula i-voltage nayo inokongezwa. I-capacitor edibeneyo ngokuhambelana ne-divider ine-soft-start effect. Okwangoku i-current iqala ukuhamba, i-capacitor ihlawuliswa kwaye i-voltage ye-G pole iyakhiwa ngokuthe ngcembe.
Kwi-PMOS, xa kuthelekiswa ne-NOMS, i-Vgs ifuneka ukuba ibe nkulu kunombane womda. Ngenxa yokuba i-voltage yokuvula ingaba yi-0, umahluko woxinzelelo phakathi kwe-DS awukho mkhulu, oluncedo ngakumbi kune-NMOS.
04 Ukhuseleko lwefuse
Iimveliso ezininzi ze-elektroniki eziqhelekileyo zinokubonwa emva kokuvula inxalenye yonikezelo lwamandla kunye ne-fuse, kunikezelo lwamandla lubuyiselwa umva, kukho isiphaluka esifutshane kwisekethe ngenxa yombane omkhulu, kwaye ke i-fuse ivuthelwa, idlala indima ekukhuseleni isiphaluka, kodwa le ndlela yokulungiswa kunye nokutshintshwa kuyinkathazo ngakumbi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-08-2023
