I-Capacitance iqondwa ngolu hlobo, ilula ngokwenene!

I-Capacitor sesona sixhobo sisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo kuyilo lwesekethe, yenye yamacandelo asebenzayo, isixhobo esisebenzayo siyimfuneko nje yamandla (yombane) yomthombo wesixhobo esibizwa ngokuba sisixhobo esisebenzayo, ngaphandle kwamandla (ombane) umthombo wesixhobo sisixhobo sokwenziwa. .

Indima kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-capacitors ngokuqhelekileyo zininzi iintlobo, ezifana: indima ye-bypass, i-decoupling, ukucoca, ukugcinwa kwamandla; Ekugqityweni kwe-oscillation, ungqamaniso kunye nendima yexesha elingaguqukiyo.

Ukwahlukaniswa kwe-Dc: Umsebenzi kukuthintela i-DC kwaye uvumele i-AC idlule.

I-Bypass (i-decoupling) : Ibonelela ngendlela ephantsi yokuphazamiseka kumacandelo athile ahambelanayo kwisekethe ye-AC.

I-bypass capacitor: I-bypass capacitor, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-decoupling capacitor, sisixhobo sokugcina amandla esinika amandla kwisixhobo. Isebenzisa iimpawu ze-impedance frequency ye-capacitor, iimpawu ze-frequency ye-capacitor efanelekileyo njengoko i-frequency isonyuka, i-impedance iyancipha, njengedama, inokwenza i-voltage ephumayo ifanayo, inciphise ukuguquguquka kombane. I-capacitor ye-bypass kufuneka isondele ngokusemandleni kwipini yonikezelo lwamandla kunye nepini yomhlaba yesixhobo somthwalo, okuyimfuno ye-impedance.

Xa uzobe i-PCB, nikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwinto yokuba kuphela xa ikufuphi necandelo inokucinezela ukuphakama okunokubakho komhlaba kunye nengxolo ebangelwa kumbane ogqithisayo okanye olunye ukuhanjiswa komqondiso. Ukuyibeka ngokucacileyo, icandelo le-AC lonikezelo lombane lwe-DC lidityaniswe kunikezelo lwamandla nge-capacitor, edlala indima yokucoca unikezelo lwamandla lweDC. I-C1 yi-bypass capacitor kulo mfanekiso ulandelayo, kwaye umzobo kufuneka ube kufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwi-IC1.

I-Decoupling capacitor: I-decoupling capacitor kukuphazamiseka kwesignali yokuphuma njengento yokucoca, i-capacitor ye-decoupling ilingana nebhetri, ukusetyenziswa kwentlawulo yayo kunye nokukhutshwa, ukwenzela ukuba isignali ekhulisiwe ayiyi kuphazamiseka ngokuguqulwa kwangoku. . Umthamo wayo uxhomekeke kwi-frequency ye-signal kunye neqondo lokunyanzeliswa kwee-ripples, kunye ne-decoupling capacitor kufuneka idlale indima "yebhetri" ukuhlangabezana notshintsho kwi-circuit circuit current kwaye ugweme ukuphazamiseka kokudibanisa phakathi komnye nomnye.

I-bypass capacitor eneneni idityanisiwe, kodwa i-bypass capacitor ngokubanzi ibhekisa kwi-bypass bypass ephezulu, oko kukuthi, ukuphucula ingxolo ephezulu yokutshintsha kwendlela yokukhupha i-impedance ephantsi. I-high-frequency bypass capacitance incinci, kwaye i-resonant frequency ngokubanzi yi-0.1F, 0.01F, njl. njl. utshintsho kwi drive yangoku.

Umahluko phakathi kwabo: i-bypass kukucoca ukuphazamiseka kwi-input signal njengento, kunye nokuqhawula kukucoca ukuphazamiseka kwisignali yemveliso njengento yokuthintela umqondiso wokuphazamiseka ekubuyeleni kunikezelo lwamandla.

Ukudibanisa: Isebenza njengonxibelelwano phakathi kweesekethe ezimbini, ivumela imiqondiso ye-AC ukuba idlule kwaye idluliselwe kwinqanaba elilandelayo lesekethe.

I-capacitor isetyenziswe njengecandelo lokudibanisa ukwenzela ukuhambisa umqondiso wangaphambili ukuya kwinqanaba lokugqibela, kunye nokuthintela impembelelo yangaphambili yangoku ngokuthe ngqo kwinqanaba lokugqibela, ukwenzela ukuba ukulungiswa kweesekethe kube lula kwaye ukusebenza kuzinzile. Ukuba i-AC yokukhulisa umqondiso ayitshintshi ngaphandle kwe-capacitor, kodwa indawo yokusebenza kuwo onke amanqanaba kufuneka ihlaziywe, ngenxa yempembelelo yamanqanaba angaphambili nasemva, ukulungiswa kwendawo yokusebenza kunzima kakhulu, kwaye phantse akunakwenzeka ukufezekisa. amanqanaba amaninzi.

Isihluzi: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwisekethe, i-capacitor emva kwe-CPU ngokusisiseko le ndima.

Oko kukuthi, i-frequency enkulu, encinci i-impedance Z ye-capacitor. Xa i-frequency ephantsi, i-capacitance C ngenxa yokuba i-impedance Z inkulu, imiqondiso eluncedo inokudlula kakuhle; Kwi-frequency ephezulu, i-capacitor C sele incinci kakhulu ngenxa ye-impedance Z, elingana ne-short-circuiting high-frequency ingxolo kwi-GND.

Isenzo sokucoca: amandla afanelekileyo, amandla amakhulu, i-impedance encinci, iphezulu i-frequency yokudlula. I-electrolytic capacitors ngokubanzi ingaphezulu kwe-1uF, enecandelo elikhulu le-inductance, ngoko ke i-impedance iya kuba nkulu emva kokuphindaphinda okuphezulu. Sihlala sibona ukuba ngamanye amaxesha kukho i-capacitance enkulu ye-electrolytic capacitor ngokuhambelana ne-capacitor encinci, eneneni, i-capacitor enkulu ngokusebenzisa i-frequency ephantsi, i-capacitance encinci ngokusebenzisa i-frequency ephezulu, ukwenzela ukucoca ngokupheleleyo i-frequencies ephezulu kunye nephantsi. Iphezulu i-frequency ye-capacitor, i-attenuation enkulu, i-capacitor ifana nechibi, amaconsi ambalwa amanzi awanele ukwenza utshintsho olukhulu kuyo, oko kukuthi, ukuguquguquka kwamandla ombane akusiyo ixesha elikhulu i-voltage inokukhutshwa.

Umzobo C2 Imbuyekezo yeqondo lokushisa: Ukuphucula ukuzinza kwesekethe ngokuhlawulela umphumo wokungabikho ngokwaneleyo kokulungelelaniswa kweqondo lokushisa kwamanye amacandelo.

Uhlalutyo: Ngenxa yokuba umthamo we-timing capacitor unquma ukuphindaphinda kwe-oscillation ye-oscillator yomgca, umthamo we-capacitor wexesha kufuneka uzinze kakhulu kwaye ungatshintshi kunye nokutshintsha komswakama wendalo, ukwenzela ukuba wenze i-oscillation frequency of the umgca oscillator uzinzile. Ngoko ke, i-capacitors ene-coefficients yokushisa echanekileyo kunye nebi isetyenziswe ngokuhambelanayo ukuze kuqhutywe ukuhambelana kweqondo lokushisa. Xa ukushisa okusebenzayo kuphakama, amandla eC1 ayanda, ngelixa amandla eC2 ayancipha. Umthamo opheleleyo we-capacitors ezimbini ngokuhambelanayo sisimbuku samandla e-capacitors ezimbini. Ekubeni umthamo omnye usanda ngelixa omnye uyancipha, umthamo opheleleyo awutshintshanga. Ngokufanayo, xa izinga lokushisa lincitshisiwe, amandla e-capacitor enye iyancitshiswa kwaye enye iyanda, kwaye umthamo opheleleyo awutshintshi ngokusisiseko, ozinzisa i-oscillation frequency kwaye ufezekise injongo yembuyekezo yeqondo lokushisa.

Ixesha: I-capacitor isetyenziswe ngokubambisana ne-resistor ukumisela ixesha elisisigxina lesekethe.

Xa i-input signal igxuma ukusuka kwi-low ukuya phezulu, i-RC yesekethe i-input emva kwe-buffering 1. Uphawu lokutshaja kwe-capacitor lwenza ukuba isignali kwindawo ye-B ingagxumi ngokukhawuleza kunye nomqondiso wegalelo, kodwa inenkqubo yokunyuka ngokuthe ngcembe. Xa inkulu ngokwaneleyo, isithinteli 2 siyajika, sikhokelela ekutsibeni okulibazisekayo ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu kwimveliso.

Ixesha eliqhubekayo: Ukuthatha uchungechunge oluqhelekileyo lwe-RC isekethe edibeneyo njengomzekelo, xa i-voltage ye-input signal isetyenziswe ekupheleni kwegalelo, i-voltage kwi-capacitor iphakama ngokuthe ngcembe. Umjelo wokutshaja uyancipha ngokunyuka kwamandla ombane, i-resistor R kunye ne-capacitor C idityaniswe ngokulandelelana kwi-input signal VI, kunye ne-output signal V0 ukusuka kwi-capacitor C, xa ixabiso le-RC (τ) kunye ne-square wave igalelo. ububanzi tW meet: τ "tW", le sekethi ibizwa ngokuba yisekethe edibeneyo.

Tuning: Ulungelelwaniso olucwangcisiweyo lweesekethe ezixhomekeke kumaza, njengeselfowuni, oonomathotholo, kunye neeseti zikamabonakude.

Ngenxa yokuba i-resonant frequency ye-IC tuned oscillating circuit ngumsebenzi we-IC, sifumanisa ukuba umlinganiselo ophezulu ukuya kwi-resonant frequency frequency ye-oscillating circuit iyahluka kunye ne-square root ye-capacitance ratio. Umlinganiselo we-capacitance apha ubhekiselele kumlinganiselo we-capacitance xa i-voltage ye-bias ejikelezayo iyeyona iphantsi kwi-capacitance xa i-voltage ye-bias ejikelezayo iphezulu. Ke ngoko, igophe leempawu zohlengahlengiso lwesekethe (i-bias-resonant frequency) ngokusisiseko yiparabola.

Isilungisi: Ukuvula okanye ukucima into yokutshintsha i-conductor ngexesha elimiselweyo.

Ukugcinwa kwamandla: Ukugcina amandla ombane ukuze akhululwe xa kuyimfuneko. Njengokukhanya kwekhamera, izixhobo zokufudumeza, njl.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-electrolytic capacitors iya kuba nendima yokugcina amandla, kwii-capacitors ezikhethekileyo zokugcina amandla, indlela yokugcina amandla e-capacitive i-capacitors yombane kabini kunye neFaraday capacitors. Uhlobo lwayo oluphambili lugcina amandla e-supercapacitor, apho i-supercapacitors i-capacitors isebenzisa umgaqo weengqimba zombane eziphindwe kabini.

Xa i-voltage esetyenzisiweyo isetyenziswe kwiipleyiti ezimbini ze-supercapacitor, i-electrode efanelekileyo yeplate igcina intlawulo efanelekileyo, kwaye i-negative plate igcina intlawulo embi, njengama-capacitors aqhelekileyo. Ngaphantsi kombane owenziwe ngumrhumo kwiiplate ezimbini ze-supercapacitor, intlawulo echaseneyo yenziwe kwi-interface phakathi kwe-electrolyte kunye ne-electrode ukulinganisa intsimi yangaphakathi yombane ye-electrolyte.

Le ntlawulo emihle kunye nentlawulo embi zicwangciswe kwizikhundla ezichaseneyo kumphezulu woqhagamshelwano phakathi kwezigaba ezibini ezahlukeneyo kunye nomsantsa omfutshane kakhulu phakathi kweentlawulo ezilungileyo nezingalunganga, kwaye le ntlawulo yokusabalalisa intlawulo ibizwa ngokuba ngumaleko ombane ophindwe kabini, ngoko amandla ombane makhulu kakhulu.